公众环境诉求对企业污染排放的影响——来自百度环境搜索的微观证据

公众环境诉求是倒逼企业污染减排的重要力量,同时也是政府环境规制水平提升的重要推力。文章先采用动态优化模型,在环境规制政策差异性和不确定性条件下,探讨了公众环境诉求对企业污染排放的影响机理,在此基础上将中国工业企业数据库、中国工业企业污染排放数据库和专利统计数据库匹配,得到1998-2012年41.42万个样本观测值,并通过百度环境搜索构建企业层面的公众环境诉求指标,就公众环境诉求对企业污染排放的影响及作用路径进行了实证检验。结果发现,公众环境诉求的增加有助于抑制企业污染排放,工具变量法等稳健性考察进一步验证了该结论的稳健性;公众环境诉求对企业污染排放的影响具有即时性、规模异质性、产权属性异质性、区域异质性和行业异质性,小型、非国有、中西部以及重污染型企业更倾向于"诉求漠视";公众环境诉求的增加有利于促进政府加大环境规制力度。文章在丰富现有理论研究的同时,为提升公众环境参与水平和建立多元参与的环境治理体系提供了思路。     

基于演化博弈论的雾霾协同治理三方博弈研究

工业和车辆废气的大量排放以及人类生活中产生的空气污染所导致的雾霾污染成为中国目前最突出的环境问题。文章基于博弈论的方法对雾霾区域联防协作机制进行分析,构建雾霾污染排放企业、政府和公众的三方动态演化博弈模型,分析了企业、政府、公众三者之间的博弈,并分析博弈策略的稳定性。研究发现政府的行为在影响三方决策中起到决定性的作用。应对企业的违法排污行为加大惩罚力度,对企业积极减排给予一定补偿奖励;建立污染评估体系,明确界定污染事故中的企业责任;创建有效的公众监督途径,设法让公众有效地参与对企业和政府的监督。     

“政府—社会”分权与我国二氧化碳减排治理——基于省级面板数据的经验分析

本文认为政府与社会间的分权有利于政府关于二氧化碳减排治理约束机制的建立和强化,基于1998—2007年省级面板数据的实证分析显示:地方政府减少对企业经济活动的行政干预,通过完善司法体系来加强对企业合法权益的保护,以及公众参与政府的环保治理均有利于促进地区二氧化碳排放强度和人均碳排放量的降低,通过精简政府规模以及加强政府的腐败治理也有利于提高减碳治理的效率,而现行的环境管制工具对于激励企业二氧化碳减排的作用已不明显。     

循环经济立法的若干思考

循环经济需要政府、企业和公众的全部参与,出台系统性的法律法规约束政府、企业和公众履行循环经济的有关义务,对于加快循环型社会建设有着极为重要的作用。     

论生态文明建设主体的生态责任

在生态文明建设中,政府、企业、环境NGO、公众等主体承担着不同的生态责任:政府应发挥制度设计、公共投入与依法监管的职能;企业要做到节能降耗、零污排放,发挥生态示范作用;环境NGO主要起知识传授、理念传播与环保监督的作用;公众要适度消费、关爱环境,积极表达自身的生态诉求。明确生态文明建设各主体的生态责任,并在实践中努力贯彻之,有利于增强各主体的生态责任意识,并将生态责任意识转化为积极的生态行动,加快推进我国生态文明建设。     

不对称信息条件下政府效率的提高与公众参与

本文从信息经济学的视角出发，分别对政治领域和经济领域的公众参与对政府效率的提高进行了分析，得出以下结论，组成各种团体的公众参与到地方政府决策过程中可以使处于不完全信息状态下的中央和地方博弈的风险损失减少；公众参与到地方政府垄断的公用事业部门，可以减少公用事业局和公用事业企业的合谋机率，提高公用产品供给的效率。     

对企业实施关系营销的探析

关系营销理论把正确处理企业与所有利益相关者之间的关系作为营销活动的核心，其具有信息沟通的双向性、战略过程的协同性、营销活动的互利性、信息反馈的及时性等特征。同时，关系营销是建立在顾客、关联企业、政府和公众三个层面上，它要求企业在进行经营活动时，必须处理好与这三者的关系。企业应建立、保持并加强同顾客的良好关系，加强与关联企业合作共同开发市场，也要协调好与政府及公众团体的关系。     

美国如何治理机动车排放污染

鉴于机动车数量的日益增加及其对空气质量和人类健康所造成的严重危害,各国政府普遍重视对机动车排放污染的治理,美国在这方面处于世界领先地位。借助相对完善的法律体系和有力的执行机构,通过实施系统的机动车排放污染治理项目,在政府、厂商、公众多主体的共同参与下,美国的机动车排放污染治理取得了显著成就,也为我国提供了可借鉴的经验。     

环境伦理与京津冀等地大气污染治理效率关系研究——基于SBM-VRS模型

基于京津冀等地2003-2010年面板数据,从政府、企业和公众各主体出发,先用SBM-VRS模型测算京津冀等地大气污染治理效率,再采用回归模型来分析政府、企业和公众的环境伦理行为与京津冀等地大气污染治理效率的关系.研究表明:从整体而言,京津冀等地政府环境伦理行为、企业环境伦理行为对大气污染治理效率有显著的积极影响,而公众环境伦理行为未通过显著性检验;分地域而言,不同省市的政府、企业和公众的环境伦理行为对大气污染治理效率有不同的影响.因此,从总体上在政府、企业和公众的环境伦理行为方面提出促进大气污染治理效率的对策建议,并针对各个省市的实际情况提出一些符合实际的建议.     

公众环境关注对企业绿色创新的影响

本文主要从正式和非正式制度视角，针对公众环境关注对公司治理和企业行为的影响进行研究。选用 2010—2018年A股制造业上市公司面板数据作为研究样本，考察公众环境关注与企业绿色创新行为之间的关系。研究结果发现，企业所在地公众环境关注能够驱动企业绿色创新行为。本文探究了两条影响渠道：首先，公众环境关注通过强化政府环境规制发挥作用，而政治关联的存在会削弱这一作用渠道；其次，公众环境关注通过提升企业生态观念发挥作用，与这一渠道一致，如果董事长是女性、更加年长或拥有家乡偏好，这一影响更为显著。研究结果表明，公众作为重要的利益相关者会影响企业的环境行为。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.