区域经济低碳发展战略与实现途径--基于中国2005～2010年区域经济数据的实证研究

本文从区域经济的视角,利用2005～2010年相关各省、自治区的面板数据,对中国东、中、西部区域人均碳排放量及其影响因素进行了协整和格兰杰因果关系检验。研究结果表明,东、中部区域的人均GDP、产业结构、能源效率、人均碳排放量之间存在协整关系,西部地区的人均GDP、能源效率、人均碳排放量之间存在协整关系;东、西部地区的人均GDP、产业结构、能源效率分别是人均碳排放量的格兰杰原因;中部地区的人均GDP、能源效率分别是人均碳排放量的格兰杰原因,且人均GDP与人均碳排放量具有双向格兰杰原因。从协整关系看,人均GDP、产业结构、能源效率对人均碳排放量的影响存在区域差异,据此文章最后给出了一些区域经济低碳发展的政策建议。     

中国碳排放强度影响因素的实证研究

运用计量经济模型从能源强度、产业结构和能源结构3个方面研究了影响中国碳排放强度的因素,研究表明,能源强度的提高能够使碳排放强度上升,第二产业、第三产业以及非化石能源比重的提高能够使碳排放强度下降,并对2010年和2011年中国碳排放强度变化做了分解,研究表明中国碳排放强度的下降主要是由能源效率减排引起的,基于以上研究提出当前应优化产业结构和稳步提高非化石能源比重等建议,对于政府制定节能减排政策具有一定的借鉴意义。     

长江三角洲碳排放和经济增长、能源消耗的关联分析

本文首先计算了1995～2009年长江三角洲两省一市的碳排放量,结果显示近15年来长江三角洲地区碳排放量增长迅速,期间又可以划分为2个阶段,即1995～2003年碳排放量小幅波动阶段,2003～2009年碳排放量快速增长阶段.接着对长江三角洲人均碳排放、人均GDP和人均能源消耗进行平稳性检验、协整检验和格兰杰因果分析.结果表明长江三角洲碳排放与经济增长、能源消耗之间存在长期的协整关系,人均GDP对人均碳排放量的弹性为0.4868,人均能源消耗对人均碳排放量的弹性为0.7658;碳排放与经济增长存在着单向因果关系,经济增长是碳排放的原因,碳排放不是经济增长的原因;碳排放与能源消耗存在着双向因果关系,能源消耗是碳排放的原因,碳排放是能源消耗的原因.最后,本文提出了长江三角洲节能减排的对策与建议,包括建立和完善节能减排体制、优化能源消费结构、积极调整产业结构、加强低碳技术研发和推广、引导公众参与节能减排等.     

京津冀地区能源消费、碳排放与经济增长关系实证研究

本文分别利用LYQ脱钩模型和Granger因果关系检验模型,选取了京津冀地区1995～2014年能源消费、碳排放与经济增长数据进行实证分析。通过脱钩模型及其分解得出,京津冀地区碳排放与经济增长以弱脱钩状态为主,原因在于能源利用率的提高导致节能弹性不断下降;通过Granger因果检验得出,京津冀地区能源消费与碳排放存在双向因果关系,但经济增长与能源消费、经济增长与碳排放存在单向因果关系,表明京津冀地区实施节能减排措施不会导致经济的下滑。未来京津冀地区要继续实施节能减排政策,推动产业结构优化升级,进一步提升能源效率,重点关注能源消费结构的改善,提高新型低碳能源的比重。     

基于状态空间模型的碳排放影响因素实证研究

本文利用状态空间模型采用面板数据对碳排放的影响因素进行了实证研究.研究结果发现,碳排放影响因素主要包括:能源结构、能源排放强度、能源效率、经济发展因素、技术进步、产业结构、制度因素.经济发展水平对节能减排具有促进作用,且呈现不断增加的趋势;能源结构对节能减排具有促进作用,且影响呈现下降的趋势;技术进步对节能减排具有促进作用,且影响呈现了波动特征;产业结构对节能减排具有促进作用,且影响呈现不断增长的趋势;制度因素对节能减排也具有促进作用,且影响是逐渐在增大的.     

基于LMDI的内蒙古碳排放影响因素研究

运用LMDI模型对内蒙古碳排放的影响因素进行分解,分解为碳排放量、能源结构、能源效率和人均GDP四个因素,并利用2007—2017年内蒙古经济发展和碳排放相关数据,对上述影响因素进行动态分析。结果表明:经济增长与碳排放两者存在着密切的关系,经济增长是内蒙古碳排放量增大最主要的因素,各类影响因素表现出明显的阶段特征,呈现出倒U型的特点,研究揭示了内蒙古以煤为主的能源结构和粗放的经济增长方式,并提出政策建议,包括优化能源结构、提高能源效率和增强低碳技术研发能力。     

甘肃省能源消费碳排放的因素分解实证研究

本文基于碳排放量的基本等式,采用LMDI方法建立了甘肃省人均能源消费碳排放的因素分解模型,并运用1995~2008年相关数据分析了经济发展、能源强度、能源结构对甘肃省人均碳排放的影响,得出经济发展是促进甘肃人均碳排放增加的主要动力,能源强度是抑制碳排放的重要因素,而能源结构对甘肃人均碳排放变化的影响不明显。最后,结合实证研究结果,提出相应的政策性建议。     

数字经济的节能减排效应及作用机制——基于空间关联网络溢出模式

本文将数字经济、能源强度和碳排放强度三者置于统一框架,构建数字经济空间关联网络权重矩阵,利用空间杜宾模型检验发现：数字经济对能源强度和碳排放强度的影响均呈现倒“N”型特征,具有显著的空间溢出效应,数字经济发展到一定阶段可以实现“节能”与“减排”双赢。数字产业化和产业数字化双重维度的检验发现,数字产业化通过数字产业在地区间的布局和对要素吸引力改变产业集聚程度影响碳排放强度;产业数字化通过数字技术嵌入各个行业,改善资源配置效率和能源利用效率,通过能源强度影响碳排放强度。本文为数字经济政策制定和实现“双碳”目标提供了启示。     

我国工业部门碳排放影响因素分析

本文以我国工业部门为研究对象,构建工业部门对数平均迪氏指数分解LMDI因素分解模型;对碳排放恒等式进行改进,并将改进的碳排放等式和LMDI因素分解法运用到工业部门的碳排放因素分解中,实证研究各影响因素对碳排放量的影响。实证结果显示:我国工业部门的能源结构、经济增长水平及人口数量与碳排放的增长呈现出正相关关系;能源强度与碳排放增长呈负相关关系。最后,根据实证分析结果,给出我国工业部门的减排政策建议。     

中国能源CO_2排放的因素分解:基于LMDI模型

碳排放是当前全球关注的热点问题。如何评估各种因素在碳排放中的贡献程度对于抓住其中的关键因素,促进碳减排具有重要意义。计算了我国不同分类情境下的碳排放量,并将排放影响分为不同板块,利用LMDI分解模型,以3大能源为研究对象,考察不同板块的排放贡献和影响因素。能源分解模型说明能源结构板块和生活板块对二氧化碳排放强度具有抑制作用,经济的快速增长是造成排放强度下降的主要原因,而能源结构调整对排放强度影响很小,节能板块对排放强度具有促进作用。此外,无论我国能源消费增长还是滑坡,均都是源于工业部门能源消费的起伏,以及由此带来的人均能耗的变化。可以预见在未来一段时间内,工业化尚未完成的中国,人均能耗以及由此带来的碳排放在短时期内都会有所增加,但幅度会趋于平稳。     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.