meso-四(4-甲氧基-3-磺酸钠基苯基)卟啉测定Pb(Ⅱ)的实际应用研究

研究了meso-四(4-甲氧基-3-磺酸钠基苯基)卟啉与铅的显色反应:不需加热即可完成络合,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.11×10⁵L·mol-1·cm-1,线性范围为0～1.1μg/mL,抗干扰能力强。应用该方法首次测定实际样品(松花蛋、头发、茶叶、白酒、树叶、河水、工业废水、大米、食品包装袋、罐头盒、韭菜)中痕量铅的质量浓度,结果令人满意。     

一阶微分伏安法快速检测对硝基酚和间硝基酚

在pH值为5.5的0.1 mol/L的HAc-NaAc体系中,采用一阶微分伏安法实现了间硝基酚、对硝基酚在玻碳电极上的同时检测。在3.0×10-6~1.0×10-4mol/L浓度范围内,间硝基酚和对硝基酚的一阶微分还原电流均与其浓度呈现线性关系,二者的检测限分别为9.1×10-7mol/L和1.2×10-6mol/L,此方法用于模拟水样测定,回收率为96.7%~104.0%。     

AES修复重金属铅污染土壤的研究

研究了阴离子表面活性剂AES对重金属铅污染的修复作用,探究了阴离子表面活性剂AES的浓度、pH值以及水土比对修复作用的影响。结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂AES对重金属铅污染土壤具有一定的修复作用;阴离子表面活性剂AES浓度为1.5%(质量分数)、pH值为4.0、水土比值为50︰1时对土壤重金属铅的去除率最大,但随着土壤中含铅量的升高去除率会逐渐降低。     

Au/CaM自组装膜方波伏安法表征

采用方波伏安法,在包含1mmol/L3-/4-的0.15mol/L的NaCl溶液中,对Au/CaM膜的电化学行为进行了初步表征。由方波伏安电流响应图可知:CaM可以在Au基底自组装成膜,3-/4-在Au/CaM膜电极上发生的是电化学不可逆反应过程。     

荧光猝灭法间接测定废水中草甘膦

基于革甘膦与微量过量溴的定量反应,及过量部分的溴对罗丹明B的荧光猝灭作用,建立了一种新的荧光猝灭法测定草甘膦的方法。反应均在pH=5.6的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中进行。本法激发波长λ_(ex)=500nm(带通滤光片),发射波长λ_(em)=510nm(截止滤光片)。当加入溴的浓度为4×10~(-6)mol/L和8×10~(-6)mol/L时,草甘膦的线性范围分别为0～0.13mg/L和0.13～0.26mg/L。重复10次测定样品结果的相对标准偏差为2.54％,加标回收率在92.4％～100％之间。干扰实验表明,样品中仅Fe~(3+)和三乙胺可产生干扰,这些组分可被阳离子交换树脂和吸附脂分离除掉。本法可直接用于草甘膦生产废水的测定。     

紫外分光光度法测定乙二醛溶液中乙二醛的含量

利用醛基与羟胺在酸性条件下的成肟反应产物乙二醛二肟对紫外光的吸收特性,用紫外分光光度法测定乙二醛的含量。结果表明,乙二醛溶液浓度在8.4×10-6~7.2×10-5mol/L范围内符合比耳定律,得出了回归方程,平均回收率为101.1%(n=8),RSD为0.75%。该方法可用于乙醛硝酸氧化法制备乙二醛中乙二醛含量的测定。     

LC-MS/MS在2-甲基-3-羟基吡啶合成中的应用

在抗球虫药物常山酮中间体2-甲基-3-羟基吡啶的合成反应中建立了LC-MS测定方法,合成反应液经脱色、过滤后直接测定。色谱条件:色谱柱为ZORBAX Edipse XDB C-18柱(2.1×100mm,3.5 m),流动相为甲醇-醋酸铵(醋酸铵质量分数为0.01%),二者体积比为25∶75,流速为0.2 mL/min,DAD检测器,紫外检测波长为254 nm,进样量为1μL。采用外标峰面积法进行产物定量。方法的线性范围为10~200 mg/L,线性系数r=0.999 02,相对标准偏差为1.3%,回收率在98%以上。在2-甲基-3-羟基吡啶合成反应中利用LC-MS/MS确定了最佳反应条件为反应温度180℃,反应时间16 h。     

Zr-Al合金化学镀Ni-P镀层工艺研究

采用化学镀技术在经磷化处理后的Al含量为8.0%(质量分数)的Zr-Al合金表面进行施镀,得到了表面镀覆均匀、为明显胞状物的非晶Ni-P镀层。并对镀层进行显微硬度测试、电化学腐蚀极化行为、XRD和SEM分析。研究确定了磷化液的配方:H3PO4为15g/L(质量浓度,下同),ZnSO4为3g/L,NaF为1.5g/L,有机胺(硫脲)为0.15g/L,pH值为2.5～3.0,温度为45℃,时间为2min;镀液配方:NiSO4为20g/L,NaH2PO2为40g/L,(NH4)2SO4为40g/L,CH3COONa为40g/L,(CH3COO)2Pb为1mg/L,控制pH值为5.5～6.0,温度为80℃,施镀1h。结果表明,Zr-Al合金化学镀Ni-P后镀层的耐蚀性能、显微硬度显著提高。     

超低界面张力强乳化复合型表面活性剂的研究

将阴离子、非离子表面活性剂以一定比例复合,形成一种新的复合型表面活性剂,该表面活性剂不但能使油水界面张力达到超低10-4mN/m数量级,而且乳化性能强,乳化增溶率达到80％以上.     

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Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.