共享性资源刚性对集群企业竞争优势的作用机制

顺承企业核心刚性理论,以集群企业为研究对象,明晰了处于产业集群层面的共享性资源、共享性资源刚性以及集群企业竞争优势三者之间的关系,进而构建出基于共享性资源刚性的集群企业竞争优势概念模型。通过剖析共享性资源刚性对集群企业竞争优势的负向作用机制,阐明了共享性资源刚性对集群企业竞争优势削弱、风险形成的重要作用,同时指出了共享性资源对集群企业竞争优势作用途径的复杂性。     

基于共享性资源的专业市场与集群企业竞争力:网络、信息与制度——基于浙江省绍兴市14262份问卷调查与分析

产业集群与专业市场的互动发展,是推动中国区域经济增长的一大特色。基于专业市场的准公共平台性质,本文将其为产业集群提供的共享性资源分为共享式网络、共享性信息和制度支持三类;并揭示了这些共享性资源对集群企业竞争力的影响。在此基础上,运用浙江省绍兴市14 262份问卷调查与分析实证检验了上述三类共享性资源对集群企业竞争的影响程度。结果表明:专业市场的各种共享性资源对集群企业竞争力的影响存在差异,其中共享式网络的影响最为显著;集群企业竞争力提升的途径主要是充分吸收、利用专业市场的共享性资源进行技术创新、培育品牌、开拓市场等,获得市场竞争的不对称优势。     

基于产业集群共享性资源的集群企业技术创新研究

产业集群共享性资源是基于资源观运用于产业集群研究的重要成果之一。本文在文献综述的基础上,提出基于产业集群共享性资源的集群企业技术创新模型,对其影响因素进行研究,并探讨了相关的政策意义。     

基于资源的企业竞争优势理论述评

文章基于资源学派对企业竞争优势的理论研究工作,评述了基于资源的企业竞争优势理论观点。首先,以资源观的发展为线索,综合归纳了20世纪80年代以来资源学派对企业竞争优势研究的主要观点;其次,以Barney和Peteraf的相关研究为代表,阐述了基于资源的企业竞争优势理论分析框架;最后,在指出资源观相关理论拓展的基础上,评述了能力观、知识观及动态能力观对基于资源的企业竞争优势理论研究的完善与发展。     

资源观视角下的集群风险成因分析

文章借鉴企业资源观的理论分析框架,将共享性资源引入产业集群层面,论述了共享性资源二重性与集群发展的关系,提出共享性资源刚性概念,并构建起源自共享性资源刚性的产业集群风险模型,明晰了共享性资源刚性要素通过对集群企业战略性资源的负向影响,进而削弱集群企业竞争力,最终促成产业集群衰退风险的作用机制。     

知识网络与集群企业竞争优势研究——基于组织学习视角

集群企业如何在网络中获得竞争优势是学者们的一个研究焦点,基于知识观从网络视角解析集群企业竞争优势的源泉。首先对集群企业网络研究视角进行分析,进而提出了知识网络、组织学习及集群企业竞争优势获取的机理与模型;并通过案例分析,指出集群企业获取竞争优势的关键是通过集群知识网络不断获取知识资源并提高自身的组织学习能力。     

共享性资源对资源型地区产业集群竞争力影响的实证研究

基于资源观视角研究资源型地区产业集群竞争力的影响因素,认为共享性资源的差异是导致产业集群竞争力差异的原因。在此基础上,从Porter的"钻石模型"、Padmore和Gibson的GEM模型(以及其改进模型)以及马歇尔外部经济理论的相关论述中提取共享性资源。以山西省资源型地区产业集群为问卷调查对象收集数据,建立多元线性回归模型进行分析。结果发现:产业内部协作、政府政策影响对资源型地区产业集群竞争力具有显著的正向影响;交通区位条件对资源型地区产业集群竞争力具有显著的负向影响;资源禀赋条件和配套服务水平对资源型地区产业集群竞争力的影响不显著。     

企业的资源基础理论与交易成本理论的争论与融合

在交易成本理论形成体系后的20世纪80年代中期，侧重于战略分析的企业资源基础理论（RBV）蓬勃发展，从管理学的角度解释了企业核心资源产生竞争优势，从而成为战略管理理论的主流。本文认为，企业的资源理论和交易成本理论都是在一定背景下针对企业组织的分析框架，两种理论融合才能更好地解释企业的种种现象。     

基于资源基础理论的产业集群竞争优势分析

对产业集群的研究大多只认识到集群对企业的资源共享优势,忽视了资源在竞争优势形成过程中的作用。应从资源基础论的角度探讨产业集群给企业带来的竞争优势及其来源与作用机制,且这些优势是集群外企业所难以模仿的。     

基于资源的竞争战略理论研究述评

本文将竞争战略理论层面上的资源问题研究归结为基于资源的竞争战略理论,并在综述了众多学者关于资源概念界定相关研究的基础上,将该理论的发展按照演进的时间顺序划分为四个阶段,即组织非均衡成长理论阶段(NDT)、资源基础观念(RBV)和资源基础模式(RBM)阶段、资源基础理论(RBT)阶段和知识基础理论(KBT)阶段,同时概括性地介绍了各个阶段的代表性研究成果.最后,作者对该理论的发展过程及趋势做了简要的评论和展望.     

Competitive advantage: an analytical framework based on entrepreneurship

This article observes and studies the role and effect of entrepreneurship within the theoretical framework of resource-based view (RBV). It advances competitive advantage theory based on entrepreneurship by proving the distinctiveness of entrepreneurship. Distinctive cognition competence of entrepreneurs provides them with personal specific assets, which determines both the competence to explore new business opportunities and the competence to integrate resources for risk activities. The characteristics of such intangible resource as entrepreneurship, such as its distinctiveness, limitedness of competition, and incomplete mobility of factors, are the most important sources of competitive advantage of enterprises in the strategic management theory of RBV.     

期权型资源配置对企业竞争优势的影响

旨在打开资源基础观中组织黑箱，丰富资源配置研究成果，探讨在新竞争时代何种资源配置方式能更有效地促进企业创新特别是探索式创新，从而建立或强化企业竞争优势。通过梳理西方最新研究成果，基于我国146家企业样本，利用回归分析法检验期权型资源配置对企业竞争优势的促进作用，采取因果逐步回归法检验探索式创新在该过程中的中介作用。研究表明：期权型资源配置既能强化企业竞争优势，又能促进探索式创新；探索式创新在期权型资源配置与竞争优势间发挥部分中介作用；相对于创新的资源投入，资源配置方式对竞争优势的作用更强。     

企业研发投入、资源特征与创新绩效关系研究

基于资源基础观,探讨了企业“资源池”中财务资源特征与技术资源特征如何与研发投入行为匹配以提升创新绩效,以创业板355家企业为样本开展泊松回归分析,研究发现：R&D投入与创新绩效存在倒U型关系;财务资源特征——资产流动性对R&D投入与创新绩效存在正向调节作用,起着“加速剂”作用;由于组织技术路径依赖,技术资源特征——技术积累程度对R&D投入与创新绩效存在负向调节作用,起着“缓冲剂”作用;资产流动性与技术积累程度提高会促进研发投入与创新绩效关系的阈值提高,促进更多研发投入有效转化。探讨了企业研发投入行为与资源特征的匹配,可为促进创新绩效提升提供理论支撑。     

基于资源观理论(RBV)的产业集群本质的思考

以资源现理论为基础,对产业集群的本质进行了新的界定。作者认为,产业集群是基于某个特定产业,众多相关企业和其他组织在某个特定的地理区域上的资源集聚体。集群竞争优势是“集聚和联系”所产生“协同效应”的最大化,即在资源集聚基础上的“专业化分工和合作”和“知识(技术)共享”机制所产生的报酬递增过程。     

基于资源观的中国新创企业早期成长影响因子与战略绩效分析——基于深圳中小企业板的研究证据

本研究在资源基础观理论基础上建立了一个新创企业资源一成长战略～绩效的研究模型,并以深圳中小企业板2007年之前上市的102家上市新创企业为研究对象进行了相关实证研究。其主要研究结论为：（1）中国新创企业的资源差异对企业绩效有直接影响。其中,实物资源与企业盈利性、成长性呈正相关;财务资源与企业成长性呈正相关;声誉资源与企业盈利性呈正相关：人力资源与企业盈利性、成长性呈正相关。（2）新创企业的资源差异对其选择的成长战略有显著影响。有形资源和人力资源丰富的新创企业倾向于采用市场拉动战略．而无形资源丰富的新创企业则倾向于采用创新推动战略。（3）处于不同行业的新创企业,在成长战略方面存在显著差异,高科技行业的企业更多采用创新推动战略,而非高科技行业的企业则更多采用市场拉动战略。但不同行业的企业在企业绩效的盈利性和成长性方面并不存在显著差异。     

人力资源与竞争优势:一个改进的VRIO框架

以RBV理论和动态能力理论(DCV)为基础,采用经典的"输入—转化—输出"分析范式,从系统理论的视角,提出了一个改进的VRIO框架,描述了如何通过HR管理来获取竞争优势。改进的VRIO框架的含义是:组织输入的人力资源应当具备竞争优势潜力;组织的转化能力由组织学习、组织行动和激励机制这三项相互作用的系统要素构成;组织输入的人力资源,经过有效转化,就能输出为竞争优势。     

Shared renewable resources and gains from trade under technology standards

Using a two‐country, two‐good model of international trade, we examine gains from trade and strategic interaction in resource management among countries that share renewable resources such as fishery stocks. Two goods are a resource good, which is the harvest of the shared stock, and some other good that may be thought of as manufactures. The productivity of the resource good depends on harvesting technology and the stock level. This paper focuses on technology standards (e.g., restrictions on fishing gears, vessels, areas, and time) over other methods for resource management because they are most commonly implemented in fisheries. Technology standards are modeled as a restriction on the harvesting technology; that is, under strict technology standards, firms exploit resources as if they are using inferior harvesting technology. We show that an opening up of trade may reduce the shared stock and cause steady‐state utility to decrease in a resource‐good importing country and increase in a resource‐good exporting country. Strikingly, when the shared stock is in jeopardy (a high demand for the harvest), steady‐state harvest is maximized after an opening up of trade by what we call multilateral resource management in this paper and both countries gain from trade.     

Welfare effects of competitive lobbying efforts in international oligopoly markets

Conventionally, rent-seeking activities have been considered to deteriorate social welfare and to distort resource allocation. This paper examines whether rent-seeking behavior can improve social welfare by focusing on the welfare effects of firms’ competitive lobbying efforts when governments can impose market entry regulation against foreign firms. We demonstrate that competitive lobbying efforts can improve social welfare when such lobbying efforts are directed to reduce market entry barriers. In addition, social welfare can be maximized when the government shows the maximum sensitivity to the foreign firm's political contributions while maintaining competitive market structure. Moreover, it is shown that the dominant strategy for a domestic firm is to allocate more resources to R&D sectors while it is optimal for foreign firms is to exert more efforts in lobbying to reduce the market entry barriers when a government makes political economic approach in market entry regulations.     

JOINT BIDDING,GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC PROCUREMENT COSTS:A CASE OF ROAD PROJECTS*

ABSTRACT *** : To utilize public resources efficiently, it is important to take advantage of competition in public procurement auctions to the maximum extent. Joint bidding is a common practice that potentially facilitates competition. By pooling financial and experiential resources, more firms are expected to enter the market, but it will also directly reduce competition if more than one bidder who is solely qualified makes a coalition. In theory joint bidding may or may not be beneficial to auctioneers, depending on the model. The paper empirically examines the impacts of joint bidding on firms' entry as well as bidding behaviour, using data on public road projects in developing countries. It shows that coalitional bids, in particular by local firms, would be competitive, but foreign joint ventures would undermine competition. It is also found that good governance can encourage firms' entry into the tendering and facilitate joint bidding practices.     

REGULATION AND JOB CREATION: AN ANALYSIS OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

The study evaluates the impact of changes in price regulation, an important institutional feature of firms’ environments, on average human resource deployment levels among the United States local exchange telecommunications companies using contemporary historical data between 1988 and 2001. The data permit a natural experiment approach for the evaluation. Firms regulated via rate of return approaches have employed significantly less staff. These employment levels have been 15 percent lower than that of firms regulated via incentive regulation. The study is a direct test of a principal dynamic capabilities idea that firms reconfigure resources in the face of environmental changes to retain their competitive advantages. These results signify the importance of designing regulations possessing requisite incentive properties in enhancing firm level employment and support the key premises of the dynamic capabilities perspective.