广州市南沙湿地生态旅游资源开发模式研究

广州市南沙湿地资源特别丰富,开展湿地生态旅游资源条件十分优越.文章根据广州市南沙湿地呈环带状分布的特征,对广州市南沙湿地资源进行了景观分类:即南沙珠江河汉区、南沙湿地平原区、南沙湿地低丘岗地区,分析了广州市南沙湿地生态旅游资源的特征和开发利用现状,按照南沙湿地各环带生态旅游资源的特点,提出了南沙湿地生态旅游资源开发模式:即南沙湿地珠江河汉区生态旅游资源开发模式,南沙湿地平原区生态旅游资源开发模式,南沙湿地低丘岗地区生态旅游资源开发模式;并就湿地生态旅游资源开发中应注意的问题作了说明,以期达到保护地区湿地生态环境,合理开发湿地生态旅游资源,实现广州市南沙湿地生态旅游资源可持续发展的目的.     

湿地生态旅游开发与持续利用研究——以甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区为例

生态旅游是生态、经济和社会三种效益相统一的旅游资源开发新思路。敦煌西湖湿地地处河西走廊,在特殊的地理环境、自然条件和人类活动的长期共同作用下,形成了独特的湿地生态旅游资源景观。文章分析了敦煌西湖湿地旅游资源特征、开发的原则目标,探讨了湿地生态旅游开发的几个问题,以期为全面开发湿地,实现湿地生态旅游资源的持续利用提供理论参考。     

我国湿地生态旅游资源保护与开发利用研究

湿地生态旅游资源保护是湿地生态旅游资源开发和生态旅游业可持续发展的需要；我国湿地生态旅游资源丰富，类型多样，分布面积广大，几乎涵盖了我国所有的自然地理区域，造就了我国湿地生态旅游资源的多样性；由于过去长期不合理的开发利用，致使我国湿地生态旅游资源遭到了严重的破坏，本文根据我国湿地生态旅游资源的现状和特点，指出了我国湿地生态旅游资源开发中存在的问题，提出了我国湿地生态旅游资源开发利用对策，以实现我国湿地生态旅游资源的可持续发展。     

湿地生态旅游开发与持续利用研究——以甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区为例

生态旅游是生态、经济和社会三种效益相统一的旅游资源开发新思路.敦煌西湖湿地地处河西走廊,在特殊的地理环境、自然条件和人类活动的长期共同作用下,形成了独特的湿地生态旅游资源景观.文章分析了敦煌西湖湿地旅游资源特征、开发的原则目标,探讨了湿地生态旅游开发的几个问题,以期为全面开发湿地,实现湿地生态旅游资源的持续利用提供理论参考.     

江苏沿海湿地生态旅游开发研究

生态旅游是以认识自然、欣赏自然、保护自然、不破坏其生态平衡为基础的一种新型旅游形态,江苏沿海湿地以其独特的自然和人文景观为生态旅游提供了有利条件.本文通过对江苏沿海湿地生态旅游资源的调查,分析了湿地生态旅游的内涵与湿地生态旅游的开发条件,探讨了沿海湿地生态旅游开发模式,在此基础上提出了沿海湿地生态旅游产品的开发.     

湿地资源生态旅游发展分析及可持续管理模式研究

湿地作为世界上生产力最高的生态体系之一,具有巨大的生态效益和经济效益,也以其独特的自然和文化景观为生态旅游提供了有利条件。本文通过对我国湿地资源概况及功能、湿地生态旅游发展状况的分析,指出我国湿地资源丰富,开展生态旅游前景广阔,同时提出了适合我国国情的湿地生态旅游可持续利用管理体系,以期为全面开发湿地生态旅游资源,发挥湿地的经济和生态综合效益,实现湿地资源的可持续利用提供参考。     

若尔盖高原湿地生态旅游开发构想

若尔盖湿地以其独特的自然和人文景观为湿地生态旅游提供了有利条件。本文从分析若尔盖湿地的旅游资源入手,提出了若尔盖湿地生态旅游资源保护性开发的几点建议。     

吉林省西部湿地生态旅游开发对策研究

吉林省西部地区湿地资源丰富,开发湿地生态旅游不仅会对湿地保护十分有益,而且能够带来一定的经济效益,并进一步促进生态环境保护。目前吉林省西部湿地旅游开发处于初级阶段,存在诸多问题。文章简要介绍了吉林省西部湿地旅游资源的分布和开发现状,对吉林省西部地区发展生态旅游的优势、劣势、机遇以及挑战进行了分析,并提出了今后发展的对策。     

北京野鸭湖湿地生态旅游发展模式探讨

北京野鸭湖国家湿地保护区拥有多种多样的自然景观和丰富的动植物资源,发展湿地生态旅游可有效保护其资源环境与推动当地社会经济可持续发展。首先分析了野鸭湖湿地旅游资源环境的特点,其次从现状、问题、SWOT三个方面对旅游开发进行分析,然后从生态旅游产品开发、社区参与旅游发展、湿地资源环境保护、旅游服务设施建设四大模块来构建野鸭湖生态旅游发展模式,最后从政策机制、发展资金与效益三个方面提出湿地生态旅游发展保障机制。     

洞庭湖区湿地生态旅游资源开发探析

洞庭湖区湿地是我国最大的淡水湖泊湿地景观生态系统之一 ,湿地生态旅游资源丰富 ,类型多样 ,几乎涵盖亚热带内陆所有湿地类型 ,造就了该区湿地生态旅游资源的多样性。围湖造田人工围垦、工业废水农药污染、乱捕乱猎人类干扰导致了该湿地生态旅游资源系统的脆弱性。文章根据洞庭湖区湿地生态旅游资源的特点 ,提出了洞庭湖区湿地生态旅游资源开发利用对策 ,以实现洞庭湖区湿地生态旅游资源的可持续发展。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.