高参与人力资源实践对员工创新行为的影响：一个中介与调节模型

基于员工工作成长综合模型，探讨员工感知的高参与人力资源实践如何通过促进员工工作繁荣正向影响员工创新行为，以及员工所在部门谦卑型领导风格对这一过程的跨层次调节作用。对402份部门主管与员工匹配两阶段问卷调查结果表明，工作繁荣在高参与人力资源实践与员工创新行为间具有完全中介作用；谦卑型领导在高参与人力资源实践促进员工工作繁荣过程中发挥跨层次调节作用，即当部门领导表现出高谦卑性风格时，高参与人力资源实践对工作繁荣的正向影响更强；此外，部门谦卑型领导跨层调节工作繁荣对高参与人力资源实践与员工创新行为间的中介作用，当采取高谦卑型领导风格时，该中介作用更强。研究结论丰富和发展了员工工作成长综合模型视角下高参与人力资源实践对员工创新行为影响的研究，可为管理者有效激发员工创新行为提供决策依据。     

高参与工作系统和组织创新绩效:社会资本的中介作用

根据前人的研究,本文提出了社会资本存在结构、认知和情感三个维度。在此基础上,本文提出了高参与工作系统对企业绩效的作用机制模型。通过实证研究发现,高参与工作系统通过员工和组织间的信任关系对创新绩效产生了积极影响。然而,当认知信任很高的时候,由于搭便车、过度投资等原因,认知信任的上升反而会降低企业绩效。情感信任对组织创新绩效一直具有积极的影响。以往在中国情境下进行的研究发现,高参与工作系统更有利于提高人际网络联系的紧密程度,从而不利于结构洞的形成和组织创新的发生。虽然本文没有发现高参与工作系统对人际网络紧密程度的影响,但是发现人际网络紧密程度对于创新绩效的负向影响。因此,对于中国企业而言,高参与工作系统可能是一个悖论。虽然高参与工作系统可以提高组织信任关系和相互忠诚,但也降低了结构洞和弱联系网络的形成。     

HIGH-INVOLVEMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, TRADE UNION REPRESENTATION AND WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE IN BRITAIN

Debates about Britain's productivity performance have often drawn attention to the roles played by working practices and employment relations. In the 1980s and 1990s, trade unions were a prime focus; more recently, attention has turned to high‐involvement management (HIM) practices (also referred to as ‘high‐performance work systems’). We combine the two to investigate the relationships between work organisation, trade union representation and workplace performance. We find that HIM has a positive impact on labour productivity. However, this effect is restricted to unionised workplaces, and seems more readily explained by concessionary wage bargaining than ‘mutual gains’, given the absence of any association with financial performance. These findings raise questions about the universal applicability of HIM as a route to improved workplace performance.     

The Impact of Financial Participation and Employee Involvement on Financial Performance: a Re-estimation Using the 1998 Wers

This note re-iterates McNabb and Whitfield's (1998) empirical investigation of the relationship between workplace performance and various indicators of employee involvement. McNabb and Whitfield used the 1990 WIRS, whereas our re-estimation is for the 1998 WERS. Our results differ sharply from theirs; in particular, we discern no significant association between downward communication and firm performance, nor do we find that employee share ownership and profit related pay are substitutes. More generally, our findings underscore the difficulty of specifying the relationship between firm performance and employee involvement that is amply reflected in the diversity of findings in the wider literature.     

人力资源管理实践与企业绩效关系的实证研究

战略人力资源管理的普适观认为人力资源管理实践对企业绩效存在直接效应,但在中国情境下是否各项实践对企业绩效的直接效应都显著,还有待做进一步的实证研究。本文基于205家企业的调查数据,采用结构方程模型对人力资源管理的＂选＂、＂育＂、＂用留＂实践与员工保留、企业财务绩效的关系进行了检验。结果显示：＂选＂实践对员工保留的负向直接效应显著;＂用留＂实践对员工保留、企业财务绩效的正向直接效应都显著;员工保留在＂用留＂实践影响企业财务绩效时发挥部分中介作用。研究结果说明：在中国企业中,薪酬、绩效考核、工作轮换实践是降低员工流失率、提高企业财务绩效的主要人力资源管理实践;招聘与选择实践使用不当,将致使员工主动离职。     

How Productive Is Workplace Health and Safety?

In this paper, we investigate the causal impact of workplace health and safety practices on firm performance, using Danish longitudinal matched employer–employee data merged with unique cross‐sectional representative firm survey data on work environment conditions. We estimate standard production functions, augmented with workplace environment indicators, addressing both time‐invariant and time‐varying potentially relevant unobservables in the production process. We find positive and large productivity effects of improved physical dimensions of the health and safety environment, specifically, “internal climate” and “monotonous repetitive work”.     

THE DETERMINANTS OF FIRM PERFORMANCE: UNIONS, WORKS COUNCILS, AND EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT/HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK PRACTICES

Drawing on evidence from the United States and Germany, this paper offers a survey of the effects of worker representation (in unions and works councils) and innovative work practices on firm performance. The focus is on the growing links between these two historically separate literatures. The interaction between worker representation and high‐performance work practices provides a practical means of peering inside the black box of collective voice, even if there is as yet no well‐determined hierarchy for productivity performance and certainly no blueprint for the future of unions.     

挑战-阻碍性压力与员工创造力关系研究:工作卷入的中介作用

针对工作压力与员工创造力关系的认识在管理学界存在严重分歧,其作用机制研究也处于探索阶段。通过对394名企业员工的问卷调查,研究挑战-阻碍性压力对员工创造力的影响机理,以及工作卷入的中介作用和组织支持感的调节作用。研究表明:挑战性压力对员工创造力具有显著正向影响,阻碍性压力对员工创造力具有显著负向影响;工作卷入在挑战-阻碍性压力与员工创造力之间起完全中介作用;组织支持感弱化挑战-阻碍性压力对工作卷入的影响。     

认知信任还是情感信任:高参与工作系统对组织创新绩效的影响

高参与工作系统能够通过建立员工与组织间的信任关系,从而影响创新绩效。但研究发现,组织信任的建立分为认知和情感两种不同机制。认知信任与组织创新绩效间的关系体现为倒U型的关系。认知信任与组织绩效间的关系还受到分配公平感的调节作用。相反,情感信任对创新绩效产生了积极影响。高参与工作系统通过情感信任对组织创新绩效产生了积极影响。研究表明,虽然高参与工作系统通过认知信任和情感信任两种路径影响了组织绩效,但是,基于情感信任的人力资源实践具有更好的适应性。     

员工恢复体验对工作绩效的影响机制研究

以工作要求-资源理论为基础，探讨了员工恢复体验对其工作绩效的作用机制。对256名员工的调研数据进行多层次回归分析，结果表明：①员工恢复体验积极影响工作绩效；②专注在恢复体验与工作绩效的关系中起部分中介作用；③工作意义在恢复体验和工作绩效间起负向调节作用，表明恢复体验对工作意义感知较低的员工尤为重要。因此，管理者可以考虑推行恢复体验实践以提升绩效，从而促进员工可持续性发展。     

高绩效工作系统与组织公民行为模型构建

基于以往高绩效工作系统能够积极影响员工角色外行为的结论，通过个体感知视角探索高绩效工作系统对组织公民行为的影响，以及员工发展投入感知和组织情感承诺的中介效用。通过对280份科技型企业员工样本的实证分析得出：①高绩效工作系统对员工组织公民行为具有显著正向影响；②员工发展投入感知、组织情感承诺在高绩效工作系统与组织公民行为间起部分中介作用。在理论上丰富了高绩效工作系统与组织公民行为的相关研究，推动了两者中间机制的研究工作。同时，在实践方面，研究结论可为科技型企业提升其员工组织公民行为提供参考。     

The Social Shaping of the Participation of Employees in Environmental Work within Enterprises - Experiences from a Danish Context

The paper deals with the shaping of the participation of employees in environmental work within enterprises. The paper is based on two case studies on Danish enterprises, which, as part of the development of their environmental work, emphasized employee involvement. The cases show that it is difficult to maintain the participation of employees in environmental work, even in enterprises with an intention to do so. The cases contribute to the identification of those situations during the shaping of environmental work in an enterprise where choices concerning employee participation are made: (1) The need of management to involve employees in the environmental work; (2) The competence building among employees and local supervisors; and (3) The stabilization of the environmental work into routines and structures. The theoretical approach draws on organizational theory emphasizing the connection between environmental strategies, measures and competence needs, and the shaping of the participation of employees as social processes formed by the existing culture and the pressure generated by the preventive environmental work.     

The Social Shaping of the Participation of Employees in Environmental Work within Enterprises - Experiences from a Danish Context

The paper deals with the shaping of the participation of employees in environmental work within enterprises. The paper is based on two case studies on Danish enterprises, which, as part of the development of their environmental work, emphasized employee involvement. The cases show that it is difficult to maintain the participation of employees in environmental work, even in enterprises with an intention to do so. The cases contribute to the identification of those situations during the shaping of environmental work in an enterprise where choices concerning employee participation are made: (1) The need of management to involve employees in the environmental work; (2) The competence building among employees and local supervisors; and (3) The stabilization of the environmental work into routines and structures. The theoretical approach draws on organizational theory emphasizing the connection between environmental strategies, measures and competence needs, and the shaping of the participation of employees as social processes formed by the existing culture and the pressure generated by the preventive environmental work.     

能源企业战略成本管理研究———以市场竞争环境为调节变量

从实证研究的角度研究了员工参与、全面质量管理和内部协调对能源企业战略成本管理绩效的影响,以及市场竞争环境的调节效应。通过对国内能源企业的问卷调研,利用调研数据对模型进行了统计检验,得到了实证研究结果。研究结果表明：员工参与、全面质量管理和内部协调对对能源企业的战略成本管理绩效有显著的正向影响;市场竞争环境显著调节了内部协调与战略成本管理绩效之间的关系,而对员工参与和全面质量管理与战略成本管理绩效之间的关系无显著的调节作用。本文的研究结论可以为能源企业的战略成本管理提供理论借鉴。     

The Impact of Financial Participation and Employee Involvement on Financial Performance

In recent years, considerable attention has been given to the impact of various forms of financial participation on financial performance. However, financial participation is only one of a number of different schemes attempting to elicit better performance and is itself heterogeneous. Moreover, financial participation schemes are typically introduced in conjunction with employee involvement schemes and their combined effect can be very different from their individual contributions. Indeed, concentrating on only one type of participation can seriously distort its relationship with financial performance. In this paper, a range of different employee participation schemes is examined, including two types of financial participation. The results indicate that financial participation has important interaction effects with particular types of employee involvement scheme and that the two main types of financial participation scheme have negative interactions. Furthermore, some employee involvement schemes are found to have a lower or even negative relationship with financial performance when introduced in isolation.     

知识型员工工作自主性对建言行为的影响

基于工作特征模型理论和自我决定理论,考察了中国组织情境下工作自主性对员工建言行为的影响,检验了员工归属感的中介作用与领导正直度的调节作用。对收集到的224份有效样本进行了层次回归分析,研究结果表明：①工作自主性与员工建言行为显著正相关;②员工归属感在工作自主性与员工建言之间的关系中起完全中介作用;③领导正直度对工作自主性与员工归属感和员工建言之间的关系有显著的弱化效应,并且员工归属感完全中介工作自主性与领导正直度间交互作用对员工建言行为的影响。     

员工企业家精神对绩效的影响机制研究——调节焦点视角

在现有企业家精神与绩效之间的关系研究中，个体层面上，员工企业家精神对企业绩效的影响机制，尤其关于工作中员工通过如何自我调节达成这一目标的研究方兴未艾。基于调节焦点的观点，将防御焦点、促进焦点视为员工企业家精神对任务绩效和创新绩效影响的两条中介作用路径，通过对一家中国500强企业521名员工的两阶段配对数据进行统计分析，结果表明：员工企业家精神对任务绩效和创新绩效的积极影响并非是二元对立的；员工企业家精神是防御焦点和促进焦点的积极前因变量。此外，防御焦点和促进焦点分别中介员工企业家精神与任务绩效及创新绩效间的关系。     

员工企业家精神对绩效的影响机制研究——调节焦点视角

在现有企业家精神与绩效之间的关系研究中，个体层面上，员工企业家精神对企业绩效的影响机制，尤其关于工作中员工通过如何自我调节达成这一目标的研究方兴未艾。基于调节焦点的观点，将防御焦点、促进焦点视为员工企业家精神对任务绩效和创新绩效影响的两条中介作用路径，通过对一家中国500强企业521名员工的两阶段配对数据进行统计分析，结果表明：员工企业家精神对任务绩效和创新绩效的积极影响并非是二元对立的；员工企业家精神是防御焦点和促进焦点的积极前因变量。此外，防御焦点和促进焦点分别中介员工企业家精神与任务绩效及创新绩效间的关系。     

WHAT DETERMINES VACATION LEAVE? THE ROLE OF GENDER

Vacation leave is introduced in workplaces to improve the working environment. Surprisingly, it has been observed that a large number of workers do not use all of their entitled vacation days. This paper provides a novel set of facts about the gender differences in taking vacation time using the Canadian Workplace Employee Survey, which is a linked longitudinal employer‐employee dataset. The results show considerable differences between men and women in the estimated effects of some demographic characteristics after controlling for job and workplace characteristics. However, they reveal significant implications of work arrangements (e.g., part‐time work, flexible work schedules, and home‐based work), job promotion, supervisory tasks, and union membership for vacation use, for both men and women. This paper provides further insights on the use of fringe benefits that may be useful to policymakers and businesses.     

前摄型人格、工作形塑与员工创新绩效 ——基于冗余资源的调节作用

基于人格特质和资源基础理论,构建了一个以冗余资源为调节变量,工作形塑为中介变量的前摄型人格影响员工创新绩效的被调节的中介模型。以银行员工为调研样本,运用层次线性回归方法进行统计分析。研究结果显示：前摄型人格和工作形塑均显著正向的影响员工创新绩效,工作形塑在前摄型人格对员工创新绩效影响关系中起部分中介作用;冗余资源对前摄型人格与形塑之间关系起正向调节作用,而在前摄型人格与形塑之间关系的调节作用是非线性,倒U型的;冗余资源正向调节着工作形塑在前摄型人格与员工创新绩效之间的间接效应,即冗余资源较高时,前摄型人格通过工作形塑对员工创新绩效产生的间接作用更强。