全球化、资本深化与菲利普斯曲线——来自我国公司层面的证据

本文首次基于微观数据,应用非线性光滑转换面板模型,研究全球化和资本深化背景下,我国不同特征行业菲利普斯曲线结构的差异性。研究结果表明:相对内向型劳动密集型行业而言,我国内向型资本密集型行业菲利普斯曲线更平坦,而对于参与全球化的外向型行业而言,全球化使资本密集型行业菲利普斯曲线相对更陡峭,而外向型劳动密集型行业菲利普斯曲线相对更平坦。本文结论表明,面对当前保增长、稳通胀目标,宏观经济政策应结合不同特征行业菲利普斯曲线,对不同特征行业需求采取有保有压的政策。     

中国MCI指数构建及其反通胀货币政策含义

众多研究表明,我国的菲利普斯曲线是一条兼顾前瞻性和后顾性的新凯恩斯混合型菲利普斯曲线。有鉴于此,本文通过构建新凯恩斯混合菲利普斯曲线模型并基于1994Q1—2010Q3数据估计了我国的标准化和非标准化MCI指数。实证检验表明,新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线比不合预期的菲利普斯曲线表现出更好的计量经济学特征。本文得到的标准化MCI指数显示,利率变化和;12率变化对通胀的影响力基本相当,但;12率变化对通胀的影响更迅速。本文认为,在利率工具受到制约的通胀背景下,进一步增强人民币汇率弹性,适当利用人民币升值来降低通胀压力,应该是我国反通胀货币政策的一种可行选择。     

中国经济波动的产出和通胀效应 ——基于供求冲击相关的SVAR模型分析

本文结合产出缺口-通胀形式的菲利普斯曲线（AS曲线）,构建了产出缺口和通 胀率的SVAR模型,并将识别结果同B-Q约束条件下的识别结果进行比较,以此来探究我国近 三十多年来宏观经济系统中需求冲击和供给冲击对产出和通胀动态的效应。主要得出以下结 论：第一,供求冲击之间高度相关;第二,需求冲击是我国通胀波动的决定性因素,并且存在 持久稳定的效应。第三,供给冲击是我国经济增长的绝对主导力量。第四,我国存在相对陡峭 的菲利普斯曲线（AS曲线）。第五,产出缺口与同比CPI对我国经济状况的拟合效果最好。     

2009—2010年我国通胀形成机制的实证研究——基于动态宏观经济理论模型

对2009年至2010年我国通货膨胀成因进行概括性分析,分别从产出、货币、输入性因素和成本要素等方面进行研究,根据菲利普斯曲线理论和IS-LM-BP理论建立基于联立方程模型的动态宏观经济理论模型,并选取中国近十余年来数据进行实证检验,对通胀形成原因和经济变量的价格传导机制进行全面分析,给出治理通胀的相关政策建议。     

环形菲利普斯曲线和通货膨胀动态特征

自从上世纪60年代菲利普斯曲线问世,关于这条曲线的研究就没有停止,本文基于我国2005年一季度到2010年四季度的省际面板数据,建立动态面板模型,利用系统广义矩估计的计量方法,估计出我国在这段时期内的菲利普斯曲线,分析通胀预期在通胀动态变化中的作用。研究结果显示,我国通货膨胀和经济增长率呈周期性的环形运动,总体上有着正相关关系;通胀预期对通胀的影响显著,同时具有前瞻性和后顾性。     

基于NKPC框架的我国通货膨胀动态机制分析北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文以新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线(NKPC)理论为基础,研究了中国通货膨胀动态形成机制,并据此构建SVAR模型以分析实际通胀对各影响因素的冲击反应。研究发现,自2008年金融危机以来,通胀预期和通胀惯性对实际通胀的影响力持续增强,而产出缺口的影响力则没有明显的时变特征。值得关注的是,本文发现通胀预期对实际通胀的影响效果缺乏稳定性,暗示我国目前的通胀预期粘性程度可能较大。中央银行在进行预期管理时首先要厘清通胀预期与实际通胀的关系,疏通预期传导机制,以便更好地服务于防通胀任务。     

通胀的成本因素、传导机制及其区域差异——基于中国省际面板数据的实证研究

以1996～2010年我国企业生产要素和劳动力成本的面板数据,对国内成本推动型通胀的影响因素从传导机制、地区差异等方面进行了较为深入的探索性研究。研究发现,1996～2010年间劳动力工资和国际大宗商品价格是推动中国通胀的两大重要成本因素。其中,国际大宗商品价格主要通过企业生产要素价格推高我国通胀,而国际油价则通过企业劳动力成本推动国内通胀;另外中、西部地区通胀来自劳动力成本的压力较为明显,但东部地区压力相对较小;同时中部地区通胀能够有效地避免国际大宗商品价格的冲击,而东、西部地区通胀却遭受较为严重的大宗商品价格冲击。     

预期、投资推动与中国通货膨胀

本文构建了中国特征的新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线,考察了我国通货膨胀预期性质及投资对通货膨胀的影响.通过理论分析和实证检验,本文认为:我国通货膨胀特性符合新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线,兼具前瞻型预期和后顾型预期特征.从通货膨胀表征来看,其中前瞻型的通胀预期和后顾型通胀惯性预期对通胀影响最为显著,投资的影响次之.从我国通胀预期的特征和投资推动的具体影响来看,建立公开透明的信息披露机制和改变政府主导投资模式可以切实有效地抑制通货膨胀.     

传统菲利普斯曲线难以解释我国现实问题——如何应对通货膨胀与失业的难题

在经济全球化背景下,我国经济增长中面临的通货膨胀受多种因素影响。通胀率与工资增长率无长期稳定负相关性,因此不适合套用传统菲利普斯曲线及政策导向治理我国通胀与失业问题。文章通过分析我国通胀与失业的具体关系,发现与传统的菲利普斯曲线解释不一致,因此得出所要证明的结论。最后针对我国面临的通胀和失业问题间的相关难题提出了一些建议和解决措施。     

货币政策、消费品和投资品通货膨胀——基于金融加速器视角

本文建立一个包含消费品和投资品生产的两部门新凯恩斯DSGE模型,并且引入金融加速器以分析货币政策对消费品和投资品通货膨胀的影响机制,同时使用1999Q1至2015Q4的中国宏观经济数据对模型进行贝叶斯估计。估计结果表明,两个部门的菲利普斯曲线都具有较高的价格粘性。外部融资溢价对两个部门企业投资的影响存在异质性,投资品部门的金融加速器效应更加明显。脉冲响应分析表明货币政策扩张时,投资品部门的产出和通胀膨胀上升幅度比消费品部门更大。理论模型的脉冲响应与VAR实证分析得到的经验事实相一致。金融摩擦导致的消费品和投资品部门需求结构的异质性是解释货币政策对两个部门影响差异的关键。数值模拟分析发现金融加速器机制主要改变货币政策对投资品产出和通货膨胀的影响,对消费品部门影响改变较小。方差分解结果表明加总技术冲击、投资边际效率冲击和货币政策冲击是经济波动的主要来源。     

What Makes the Output–Inflation Trade‐Off Change? The Absence of Accelerating Deflation in Japan

It is standard to model the output–inflation trade-off as a linear relationship with a time-invariant slope. We assess empirical evidence for two sets of theories that allow for endogenous variation in the slope of the short-run Phillips curve. At an empirical level, we examine why large negative output gaps in Japan in the late 1990s did not lead to accelerating deflation but instead coincided with stable, albeit moderately negative inflation. Our results suggest that this episode is most convincingly interpreted as reflecting a gradual flattening of the Phillips curve. We find that this flattening is best explained by models with endogenous price durations. These models imply that in any economy where trend inflation is substantially lower (or substantially higher) today than in past decades, time variation in the slope of the Phillips curve has become too important to ignore.     

Notes on the Underground: Monetary Policy in Resource‐Rich Economies

The central bank of a commodity‐exporting small open economy faces the traditional trade‐off between domestic inflation and output gap. The commodity sector introduces a terms‐of‐trade inefficiency that gives rise to an endogenous cost‐push shock, changes the target level for output, reduces the slope of the Phillips curve, and increases the importance of stabilizing the output gap. Optimal monetary policy calls for a reduction of the interest rate following a drop in the oil price. In contrast, a central bank with a mandate to stabilize consumer price inflation raises interest rates to limit the inflationary impact of an exchange rate depreciation.     

Optimal monetary policy with the cost channel

In the standard new Keynesian framework, an optimizing policy maker does not face a trade-off between stabilizing the inflation rate and stabilizing the gap between actual output and output under flexible prices. An ad hoc, exogenous cost-push shock is typically added to the inflation equation to generate a meaningful policy problem. In this paper, we show that a cost-push shock arises endogenously when a cost channel for monetary policy is introduced into the new Keynesian model. A cost channel is present when firms’ marginal cost depends directly on the nominal rate of interest. Besides providing empirical evidence for a cost channel, we explore its implications for optimal monetary policy. We show that its presence alters the optimal policy problem in important ways. For example, both the output gap and inflation are allowed to fluctuate in response to productivity and demand shocks under optimal monetary policy.     

The Lucas hypothesis on the Phillips Curve: Further international evidence

This paper is a further attempt to test the ‘Lucas Hypothesis on the Phillips Curve’ by making cross country comparisons. That hypothesis posits that nominal shocks affect real aggregates only if individuals mistake them for what they are not — movements in real variables. The existence of a trade-off between output and inflation is conditional on economic agents misinterpreting the price movements they observe. Countries with widely fluctuating exogenous shocks will have a more vertical Phillips Curve as their inhabitants sharpen their instrumental to differentiate between real and nominal shocks. Hence cross country comparisons provide fertile grounds to test this hypothesis; if it holds true, we should find a positive correlation between Phillips Curve slopes and the standard deviations of the exogenous shocks. The evidence presented here confirms Lucas's findings.     

Maintaining low inflation: Money, interest rates, and policy stance

This paper presents a systematic empirical relationship between money and subsequent prices and output, using US, euro area and Swiss data since the 1960-1970s. Monetary developments, unlike interest rate stance measures, are shown to provide qualitative and quantitative information on subsequent inflation. The usefulness of monetary analysis is contrasted to weaknesses in modeling monetary policy and inflation with respectively short-term interest rates and real activity measures. The analysis sheds light on the recent change in inflation volatility and persistence as well as on the Phillips curve flattening, and reveals drawbacks in pursuing a low inflation target without considering monetary aggregates.     

Lack of divine coincidence in New Keynesian models

The literature has long agreed that the divine coincidence holds in standard New Keynesian models: the monetary authority is able to simultaneously stabilize inflation and output gap in response to preference and technology shocks. I show that the divine coincidence holds only when inflation is stabilized at exactly zero. Even small deviations from zero generate policy trade-offs. I demonstrate this result using the model׳s non-linear equilibrium conditions to avoid biases from log-linearization. When the model is log-linearized, a non-zero steady state level of inflation gives rise to what I call the endogenous trend inflation cost-push shock in the New -Keynesian Phillips curve.     

Economic determinants of the nominal treasury yield curve

Macroeconomic shocks account for most of the variability of nominal Treasury yields, inducing parallel shifts in the level of the yield curve. We develop a new approach to identifying macroeconomic shocks that exploits model-based empirical shock measures. Technology shocks shift yields through their effect on expected inflation and the term premium. Shocks to preferences for current consumption affect yields through their impact on real rates and expected inflation. For both shocks, the systematic reaction of monetary policy is an important transmission pathway. We find little evidence that fiscal policy shocks are an important source of interest rate variability.     

Optimal Monetary Policy in a Model with Agency Costs

This paper integrates a fully explicit model of agency costs into an otherwise standard Dynamic New Keynesian model in a particularly transparent way. A principal result is the characterization of agency costs as endogenous markup shocks in an output‐gap version of the Phillips curve. The model's utility‐based welfare criterion is derived explicitly and includes a measure of credit market tightness that we interpret as a risk premium. The paper also fully characterizes optimal monetary policy and provides conditions under which zero inflation is the optimal policy. Finally, optimal policy can be expressed as an inflation targeting criterion that (depending upon parameter values) can be either forward or backward looking.     

基于产出缺口的菲利普斯曲线对我国通胀预测的研究

基于菲利普斯曲线理论中产出缺口与通货膨胀率的关系,应用卡尔曼滤波方法估算我国的潜在产出与产出缺口,通过格兰杰因果关系验证产出缺口与通货膨胀的因果关系,并建立产出缺口的菲利普斯曲线模型进行通货膨胀预测。实证结果表明该模型能够较好地预测我国通货膨胀,从而能为制定相应的货币政策提供良好的参考。