国外科学数据管理情况研究

科学数据对于国家科技创新发展和社会经济进步具有重要的战略意义。科学数据的有效管理能够提升科学数据的利用率和创新效率,促进数据共享。本文对美国、英国、德国、法国、加拿大等主要国家科学数据管理进行调研,总结各国促进数据开放和数据管理的政策法规、数据管理机构和平台的建设情况,以及各国相关人才的培养方案。最后,从政策法规、机构建设和人才培养等方面,对我国科学数据管理工作提出了一些建议。     

英国构建国家创新评价体系的发展现状与趋势

文章结合欧盟传统的创新指标，分析了英国的创新与其他发达国家存在着的差距，提出了英国悖论（UK Paradox）：即没有创新的经济成功。然后，进一步从对这一悖论的原因分析入手，对英国的隐性创新、开放创新、创新“需求侧”、柔性创新进行概括性研究。为了实现对创新全面科学的评价，为对我国建立创新评价指标体系提供借鉴，文章介绍了英国创新需求指标体系，创新投入、企业创新和创新环境指标体系，以及柔性创新指标体系等，并在此基础上对英国的经验进行了简要总结，供国内相关创新管理者和研究人员参考。     

河北冀中南经济区科技创新评价体系的构建与对策

本文在分析河北冀中南经济区经济发展的系统结构、运行及其环境的基础上,通过对河北省冀中南经济区的科技创新环境、科技创新资源、科技创新效率、科技创新产出、科技创新影响力进行研究,提出经济区科技创新合评价的指标体系以及具体测算方法,建立了一套监测科技创新统计制度。经济区科技创新定量评价对于科学制定经济区科技发展战略和政策、推动经济区科技进步和经济社会发展具有重要意义。     

欧洲创新体系的测度与评估——基于欧洲创新记分牌的指标、方法和应用情况的分析

欧洲创新记分牌（EIS）是欧洲理事会要求建立的综合创新评价体系,每年对欧盟整体创新绩效与世界其它主要创新体的差距,以及欧洲各国的创新表现进行评估。本文概述了欧盟通过欧洲创新记分牌开展创新能力监测和评估的实践,分析了EIS指标体系的构建思想,研究了EIS指标体系的演变趋势,探讨了EIS的分析框架、指标计算方法和最新评估结论,在此基础上,作者提出了构建我国国家创新监测与评估体系的几点思考。     

科技管理者信用评价指标体系及模型研究

科技信用评价是我国科技管理体制改革创新的内容之一。从科技管理的特点出发,分析设计了科技管理者信用评价指标体系,阐明了其指标涵义和评价标度。并采用层次分析法建立了科技管理者的信用评价模型,提出了4级评价标准以及对应的物理意义。     

《欧盟创新记分牌2020》视角下的中国创新能力研究

由欧盟委员会发布的欧盟创新记分牌是评价全球主要经济体科技创新的重要国际报告之一。基于最新发布的2020年度报告,本文对有关创新指标体系的构建与框架进行了分析,对世界主要经济体的创新趋势进行了总结提炼,深入探讨了中国创新能力的发展现状,重点分析了中国创新评价指标及结构性差异。通过与创新领先国家对比相似性和差异性,对我国科技创新政策进行了若干思考,提出强化创新主体地位、优化产业结构布局、加大开放创新力度等建议。     

我国科技创新能力评价研究

西方发达国家和国际组织非常重视对现代科技的统计与分析,其评价结果对于提升科技创新能力具有十分重要的意义。我国科技部的全国科技进步统计监测指标体系,在实践中也取得了较好的效果,成为国家经济与科技决策的重要参考依据。为进一步加快转变经济发展方式,促进国民经济又好又快发展,很有必要对现行指标体系进行完善和修订,增强其宏观决策参考的科学性。借鉴已有研究成果,构建科技创新能力评价指标体系,并应用因子分析方法,对各地区科技创新能力进行综合评价。结合评价结果和研究现状,深入剖析科技创新能力评价存在的问题,在理论研究、指标设计、评价方法、数据库建设等方面,提出进一步完善科技创新评价的对策建议。     

中美新科技创新政策比较

2006年几乎在同一时间,中美两国分别发布了《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》和《美国竞争力计划》,研究在未来的探索、发明及创新上的国家科技发展的新政策,以及为此而提出的变革构想及发展路径。通过考察两国新政策的制定背景和主要内容,比较分析各自特点,提出我国未来科技创新政策应当注意的问题。     

国家海洋创新能力与海洋经济协调关系测度研究

建立国家海洋科技创新与海洋经济发展两个系统评价指标体系，在海洋科技创新与海洋经济各项投入产出指标的基础上，创新性地增加海洋创新绩效和海洋经济潜力分指数，对海洋创新效率及海洋经济发展质量和潜力予以考察。在协调度模型的基础上，采用均方差法测算评价指标体系中各指标权重，进而测算2004-2018年我国海洋创新与海洋经济协调度和协调发展度。结果表明，我国海洋科技创新与海洋经济发展水平逐年提高，协调关系由中度失调衰退转变为良好协调发展，协调程度变化大致分为两个阶段：2004-2006年海洋创新滞后于海洋经济发展；2007-2018年海洋创新驱动海洋经济发展。在此基础上，提出加大海洋创新投入与提高海洋创新绩效、加快海洋经济结构调整与产业升级、统筹海洋创新与海洋经济协调发展等对策建议。     

政府科技投入成本效益分析

政府科技投入的有效和高效是创新型国家建设的重要保证，基于2009-2014年我国东中西部九省（市）的面板数据，通过科学选取“成本-效益”评价指标体系，应用超效率CCR模型和Malmquist指数模型，计算和比较了各省政府科技投入成本效益，探求了政府科技投入成本效益的变动趋势及影响因素。在此基础上，提出了九省（市）政府科技投入的相关建议。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.