Teaching Macroeconomics After the Crisis: A Survey Among Undergraduate Instructors in Europe and the United States

The Great Recession raised questions of what and how macroeconomists teach at academic institutions around the globe, and what changes in the macroeconomics curriculum should be made. The authors conducted a survey of undergraduate macroeconomics instructors affiliated with colleges and universities in Europe and the United States at the end of 2010. The results show that courses feature very much the same lineups of models as they did before the crisis. A notable exception concerns public debt dynamics, which receives considerably more emphasis. The finer fabric of undergraduate macroeconomics teaching, however, shows substantial shifts: A host of topics related to financial markets has entered the curriculum, and there is more interest in economic history, the history of economic thought, and case studies.     

国际金融危机背景下我国促进就业增长政策效应影响因素的实证分析

在2008年的次贷危机背景下,我国采取了一系列政策促进就业与经济增长,并取得了显著的效果。为了探寻政策实施效应影响因素及相互关系,在问卷调查的基础上,运用主成分分析提取了8个主要因素,并把8个因素分为政策因素与经济因素两个方面,运用典型相关分析方法分析二者之间的关系,提出了提高政府决策效率等相应政策建议。     

Neoclassical versus evolutionary economics in developing countries: convergence of policy implications

This paper aims to determine whether the dichotomy between the science, technology, and innovation policy based on neoclassical and evolutionary schools of economics is applicable to developing countries. Regarding the fundamental differences in foundations of these two economic paradigms, policymakers have been forced to select and to follow one of the two seemingly competing views. However, in developing countries, due to various market and government coordination failures, complying with one of the schools has not been successful in practice. From the past, there has been some controversy between neoclassical and evolutionary schools on the subject of science, technology and innovation policy. Using a survey questionnaire and statistical analyses of the results, this paper shows that, due to the institutional setting and structural conditions in developing countries, despite the fundamentally different foundations of the competing schools of thought, the policy implications of the schools have converged. Drawing on Theme Analysis Method, the rationales are first conceptualized and then the fuzzy method is applied to reveal the respondents’ tendency to the extracted rationales and implications of the two competing schools. In conclusion, the statistical results validate the proposed hypothesis.     

组织性格维度及表征与认知差异：员工认知视角

新经济环境下，组织性格成为企业差异化竞争优势的源泉。根据认知心理学进行研究设计，通过问卷调查获得员工认知视角下的组织性格描述性词语，利用质性分析工具进行编码，提取得到中国情境下企业组织性格的5个维度，并对不同性质企业组织的性格表征差异和不同类型员工对组织性格的认知差异进行分析。结果表明：企业组织性格可以分为创新、宜人、开放、责任、发展等5个维度，5个维度围绕情感、思想和目标3个中心构念形成完整体系，由此提出企业组织的“五型性格”框架；企业组织在性格表征与认知方面均存在差异，表明组织性格既有内生也有外生成分，从人格心理学和认知心理学角度对其进行诠释都有一定的科学依据。企业组织的性格维度及其表征与认知差异，为中国企业性格培育带来了一些重要管理启示。     

小学教育本科生实践能力的现状调查与分析

建设小学教育本科专业的目的是培养高素质小学教师,而小学教育本科生的实践能力是高素质小学教师的重要内涵。课题组就小教本科生的教师基本技能、教学技能、教育技能、科研技能等方面设计了调查问卷,在江苏省设置小教本科专业的部分高校对500余名小教本科生进行了问卷调查,运用SPSS统计软件进行数据录入,对调查结果进行了统计、分析。     

创业情境下管理强度与创业绩效关系探讨:团队合作的中介效应

创业活动以其良好的经济与社会效益越来越受到重视,创业过程的核心是创业要素之间的动态匹配。为诠释创业理念在创业者和创业成员之间的匹配,结合创业者特质和成熟企业管理制度演化两种理论视角,提出了创业情境下管理强度的概念,并构建了其与团队合作、新创企业绩效之间的理论模型。通过107份预测试问卷和171份正式问卷进行实证分析,结果发现:创业管理强度可以被划分为独特性、统一性、共识性3个维度;创业管理强度对创业企业绩效具有显著正向影响,这种正向影响机制可以从团队合作方面得到解释,即团队合作在创业管理强度和创业企业绩效之间发挥中介作用。     

EQUILIBRIA IN NON-COOPERATIVE GAMES II: DEVIATIONS BASED REFINEMENTS OF NASH EQUILIBRIUM

In any Nash equilibrium no player will unilaterally deviate. However, many games have multiple Nash equilibria. In this paper, we survey some refinements of Nash equilibria based on the hypothesis that any player may consider a deliberate deviation from a Nash equilibrium vector while expecting other players to respond optimally to this deviation. The concepts studied here differ in the expectations players have about other players' responses to a deviation. This sort of deviations philosophy is predicated on the thought process of players. Therefore, the validity of a particular equilibrium concept to an economic model may depend upon the relevance of the thought process implied by the concept.     

Impostors in the Temple,by Martin Anderson

The Teaching Innovations Program (TIP) was a six-year project funded by the National Science Foundation that gave economics instructors the opportunity to learn interactive teaching strategies for use in undergraduate economics courses. TIP participants first attended a teaching workshop that presented various teaching strategies. They then could enroll in a follow-up program of online instruction and mentoring to learn more about one or two teaching strategies. TIP participants also had the opportunity to engage in the scholarship of teaching and learning economics to share their work. A retrospective survey was administered to the participants after attending the program to obtain a longitudinal assessment of TIP. This article presents the overall survey findings and discusses the results from each TIP phase (workshop, online instruction, and scholarship).     

组织学习对创业者社会资本与绩效的中介机制:以环境复杂性为调节变量

在经济转型背景下,企业面临的环境更复杂,基于此探讨创业者社会资本与绩效的作用机制具有一定的理论意义和实践指导价值。对安徽和江苏两地企业进行问卷调查并开展实证分析,结果表明,组织学习在创业者社会资本与企业绩效之间起完全中介作用,环境复杂性调节了这一关系,研究结果支持理论假设。据此,从政府和企业层面提出政策建议。研究结论进一步深化了组织学习的中介机制和企业能动应对环境的研究。     

Understanding Social Market Economy,Francesco Forte and His Interpretation

The social thought which emerges from Francesco Forte’s economic writings proves to be mainly inspired by methodological individualism, though interpreted through a peculiar “personalistic” key. We will analyze the peculiar traits of his thought and the specific contribution that Forte gave to the understanding of a specific economic theory based on the doctrine of “Ordoliberalism” or the “Freiburg School.” In our work, we will show how Forte proposes an interpretation of that doctrine, according to two of his main points of reference in economic and philosophical thought: Luigi Einaudi and Antonio Rosmini Serbati. Finally, we will present an important aspect of Forte’s work: his institutional analysis in the light of the particular civil philosophy expressed by Christian social teaching.     

辽宁省高职院校体育师资队伍现状调查与对策研究

在瞬息万变的教育改革中,要切实提高体育教学质量,就必须拥有一支具有专业素质的高水平的体育教师队伍。以辽宁省高职院校师资队伍的现状为研究对象,以问卷调查、个别访谈为研究手段,揭示其师资队伍建设方面的薄弱环节和亟待解决的问题,为高职院校教师队伍的改革和体育工作的发展提供有益的建议。     

The Psychology of Learning Economics: a Dissatisfied Economist's View

This article differs substantially from any previously published in this journal. Ellis relates research on the functions of the brain to certain aspects of economic thought, and discusses the implications of such research for the teaching of economics. His comments are bound to arouse a variety of reactions from the JEE's readers, regardless of which hemisphere of their brains they tend to favor!     

武陵源世界自然遗产地旅游扶贫绩效模糊评价

首先采用Delphi法和AHP法建立旅游扶贫绩效评价指标体系，然后以武陵源世界自然遗产为例，运用问卷调查和模糊分析法评价武陵源世界自然遗产旅游扶贫绩效。评价结果表明：旅游产业的扶贫经济绩效非常显著，扶贫社会绩效比较显著，扶贫生态绩效处于一般水平，但总体的扶贫绩效非常显著，最后提出了相关对策。     

A matter of opinion—How ecological and neoclassical environmental economists and think about sustainability and economics

The differing paradigms of ecological and neoclassical environmental economics have been described in various articles and books and are also embedded in different professional associations. However, we cannot take for granted that the paradigm debates described in the literature are actually mirrored in exactly the same way in the perceptions and opinions of researchers looking at sustainability from an economic perspective. This paper presents empirical results from a German case study on how economists and others involved in sustainability research from different schools of thought think about the issues of sustainability and economics, how they group around these issues, how they feel about the current scientific divide, and what they expect to be future topics of sustainability research.We analyze the data using cluster analysis. Based on a literature survey, we generated forty sustainability economics-related statements and asked 196 sustainability researchers about their degree of agreement or disagreement with these statements. In evaluating our survey results, we discuss to what extent the clusters that we identified do—or do not—represent the two schools of thought of ecological and neoclassical environmental economics. We also propose some fields of research that can help to bridge the gaps amongst sustainability economics researchers while clearly marking others that are more suitable for a scientific ‘competition of ideas’. Key results of the study are: We identify two primary scientific clusters, one clearly confirming the existence of the ecological-economics school of thought, and the other largely capturing the neoclassical environmental view. Yet, there are some surprising exceptions: Both schools of thought share a conceptual definition of sustainability that is integrative in considering ecological, societal and economic dimensions (‘three pillar concept’) and is geared at preserving the development potentials of society. We also find a shared critique of ‘pure economic growth’ strategies in our sample. These shared opinions may provide bridging concepts between the schools of thought. Also both clusters agree with respect to a wide range of future fields of sustainability economics research. Yet, the research agenda of the ecological-economics cluster contains a large number of additional topics, primarily related to social, distributional and evolutionary aspects of sustainable development. Strong divides between the clusters that seem to be more suitable for a scientific competition of ideas are primarily related to the question of how to achieve sustainability, including appropriate environmental policies.     

劳动力流动对农村居民收入的影响效应分析——基于西部289个自然村的调查

本文运用国家社科基金课题组2010年初在西部地区289个自然村有无外出务工户的问卷调查及2000-2007年西部各省际单位的面板数据为研究样本,就劳动力流动对农村居民收入的影响效应进行统计与实证分析。结果发现:农村劳动力流动对增加农村居民收入、缓解农民家庭贫困、改善农民家庭福利状况具有积极效应;劳动力流动、农村固定资产投资、经济增长及农村人力资本提高等因素对西部农村居民人均纯收入均具有积极影响,其中,区域经济增长对农民增收作用最大。     

Testing the Specification of Economic Learning Equations

This article summarizes a recently completed study of the teaching of economics in U.S. secondary schools. It provides important data on the increase in economic education, on the experience and background of the teachers, and on the opinions of those teachers regarding currently available economic materials. The nationwide survey suggests that considerable progress has been made but also singles out problems that remain to be addressed by economic education specialists.     

非线性动力学在宏观经济学领域中的运用——文献综述

本文概述了非线性动力学在宏观经济学领域中的运用。20世纪80年代以来,非线性动力学开始活跃于经济动态分析的舞台,这是打破线性分析范式的重要尝试。非线性分析经常会得出与均衡分析结果迥异的有意义结论:产出—就业系统在外部冲击下表现出非线性和非对称特征,在衰退和产出的长期增长之间存在着正反馈机制;宏观经济政策具有非对称效应;资本市场并非随机游走,混沌现象普遍存在。非线性动力学为中国宏观经济研究提供了一个新的思路和全新的视野。     

实施快乐体育实现高校体育教育性教学

知识经济时代的高校体育教育思想向传统教育思想提出了挑战。学校的培养目标、育人的价值取向、教学的组织形式、方法内容必然发生根本转变。在“以人为本”的教育前提下提出的快乐体育教育思想。建立健全高校的快乐体育教育新体系,实施有效教育,真正实现教育性教学是这个时代高校体育教育的目标任务。     

Nonparametric estimation and hypothesis testing in econometric models

In this paper we systematically review and develop nonparametric estimation and testing techniques in the context of econometric models. The results are discussed under the settings of regression model and kernel estimation, although as indicated in the paper these results can go through for other econometric models and for the nearest neighbor estimation. A nontechnical survey of the asymptotic properties of kernel regression estimation is also presented. The technique described in the paper are useful for the empirical analysis of the economic relations whose true functional forms are usually unknown.     

The efficiency of museums: a stochastic frontier production function approach

This article examines the technical efficiency of museums based upon data derived from a questionnaire survey of South West England. A stochastic frontier production function is estimated with output measured in terms of visitor numbers. The Cobb-Douglas function is shown to be the best representation of the production function. Average levels of efficiency are estimated to be fairly low at 45.5% with wide variations across museums. The results indicate that high levels of public funding and voluntary activity have a significantly negative impact on technical efficiency. It is argued that further research is needed to develop more sophisticated measures of the output of cultural industries and understand the economic importance of volunteers.