Construction and harmonious development of urban-rural comparing financial systems based on comparative advantages theory

There exist diferences between urban-rural financial systems,Generally,the development of unban financial industry has absolute advanages compared with rural financial industry.According to the Matthew Effect,the financial resources will flow into cities for higher benefit ,so rural areas are unable to obtain absolute advantages However,relative advantage theory of the comparative advantage theory of the comparative advantage theory provides an lmportant way to observe res[ectove advamtage of both city and country.Therefore,there are comparative advantages for the development of financial industry in both urban and rural areas.The respective comparative advantages of urban-rural financial systems will supply greater efficiency than that in current dual puttern condition.Closely connected with China＇s financial development and reform and the fact of recreation of urban-rural financial system,this paper tries to explain the comparative advantage of the urban-rural financial systems.The anaalysis of the comparative advantage between urban and rural finance is the clue for the bonndary between urban-rural financial systems.This paper analyzes the current situration of urban-rural financial system.Then it proposes some views and suggestions on how to develop and maintain these two systemw as well as how to promote their coordinative development.     

A study of economic development in Tibet of China based on the ecological economic mode

The purpose of this paper is to study the issues on keeping the continuous development of Tibetan economy and the relative stability of its ecosystem. Hence, in order to achieve the object, the study analyzes the status quo of economic development in Tibet and the problems of resource exploitation. It especially discusses frailty of Tibetan eco-environment, and evaluates the contradictions between the traditional economic developing mode and the safety of plateau＇s ecosystem. It concludes that there is an inevitable clash between the development of Tibetan economy and the safety of plateau＇s eco-system; this problem cannot be avoided by any decision maker, Therefore, the character of Tibetan econvironment and the requirement of its economic development strategy determine that ecological economy developing mode is the only choice for Tibet. This paper suggests that it should be compensated by the national government to assure that Tibetan economy can keep a higher developing speed. In accordance with the feature of plateau eco-economy system and demand of Tibetan economic development, this paper also suggests several methods to apply the ecoeconomy developing strategy of Tibet.     

Study on the planning principles of urban forest

The urban forest is the main body for the urban forestry management. There are not unified rules and standards for the planning of the urban forest yet in China. This paper discusses the planning principles of the urban forest： the priority of the ecological function, the adaptation to local condilions, the optimization in the whole system, the mutual dependence of forest and city, the culturecontinuance and recreation satisfaction, sustainable development and operability, etc. This paper takes Changsha as an example to elaborate the planning principles of the urban forest. Firstly, Changsba urban forest ecosphere is composed of the eco-garden, the round-the-city forest belt, the ecological isolation belt, the green channel, the landscape of the rivers and streams, the forest park, the biodiversity reserve and the eco-forest in suburb area. It aims to make every kind of ecological essential factors organically merge into the complex city ecosystem to build an eco-city, to strengthen the connection of wide-open space with various habitats spots, to promote resident＇s accessibility, to perfect landscape ecology, and to make full use of the ecological function of urban forest. When we construct the urban forest, we must optimize the comprehensive benefit and make the urban forest structure and the layout in the best condition in order to buiM the harmonious green city for both man and nature to realize the whole optimization of the city system by the complex functions of the urban forest in ecology, environmental protection, landscape, recreation, etc.     

Assessment of the agricultural sustainability of Shaanxi Province,China

It is significant for the study on the sustainable development of regional agriculture to monitor and measurethe trend of agricultural development with an effective method. The sustainable development of regional agricultureshould accord with regional population, rural economic development, social progress, resource and environmentalsupport. This paper establishes the evaluating indicators system of sustainable development of regional agriculture,evaluates the agricultural sustainable development in Shaanxi Province with a comprehensive multi-indicator method,analyzes the support of resource and environment for regional agriculture by the resource-development index and theenvironment-development index, and gets the conclusion that the indicators, such as education level, the income gapbetween urban and rural residents, the per capita area under cultivation and the consumption of pesticides and chemicalfertilizers per hectare, are the main factors to restrict agricultural sustainability, and that the pressure of the developmentof subsystems of population, economy and society on the subsystems of resource and environment turns out to bestronger and stronger. Agricultural environment gets better, but resource becomes one of the important factors to restrictthe development of regional agriculture. In a word, this paper highlights the potentials and limitations of sustainableagriculture of Shaanxi and helps identify the development direction in the future.     

A model of suitability evaluation of tourism development for the suburban mining wasteland and its empirical research

The model of suitability evaluation of tourism development for suburban mining wasteland was established in Fengquan District of Xinxiang City, with measurable methods to provide the basis for its tourism development and landscape planning. The construction and evaluation of the model was conducted with AHP method.from the follow. ing four aspects： ecological importance, landscape importance, economic importance and social importance, vail. dated with the case. In the established evaluation system, weight values of six indexes are higher than 0.05, among which the weight of industrial characteristics is the highest, and the weight of area, pollution conditions, air quality conditions, landscape diversity and topography were also higher There are still seven indicators with weight values of higher than 0.02. including land price, transportation accessibility, geological conditions, water conditions, finan, cial security, distance to cities and similar competition. Weight values of five indexes are lower than 0.02, including government function, vegetation conditions, soil conditions, urban economic level and major tourism environment. We have tried to set a weighting set by AHP to avoid the shortcomings in ordinary weighting process, to perform the tourism evaluation with a maturely-developed method and solve the multi-indicator evaluation problems which involve the fuzziness and variability of scaling effectively. Our calendaring method is a simple, reasonable, quantitative and feasible one. with general significance to non-structuralized project as development of wasteland.     

Expectation and satisfaction of rural tourism：a case study of Hainan,China

This study uses the rural tourist motivation scale to measure the motivations, expectations, and satisfaction of nearly 200 rural tourists in five areas of Hainan, China by importance-Performance Analysis （IPA） and factor analysis. The results show that the main motivation for participating in rural tourism is to be close to nature, improve family rela-tionship and relaxation. Tourists are highly satisfied with the landscape and pastoral views as well as the friendliness of the local people and hotels. The results also show that the sample people most care about easy parking and reasonable prices, and they expect ethnic festivals and farm life experiences. Besides the environment, facilities, recreational activities and psychological experience of rural tourism, the overall satisfaction is high. The results of this study can be used by local government leaders as well as the tourism industry to devise ways to promote and improve rural tourism.     

Rural community tourism in western Sichuan＇s Qiang nationality： a case study of Wulong Stockade

The importance of the local economy of the development of tourism resources in China＇s relatively underdeveloped minority areas is already common knowledge in academic and business circles. However it＇s necessary to research more on specific patterns of tourism development in these ethnic minority areas. This paper studies Wulong Stockade in Beichuan County in Sichuan Province and examines the distinctive experience of the local Qiang community about developing local tourism resources and the local funding of the development. It notes how the introduction of new re-afforestation laws of 1999 affected the traditional, agriculture-based economy and how a member of the communio： was a key motivator in initiating tourism as a new economic resource. It has also explored changes in the economic conditions of Qiang peasants since tourism began in Wulong Stockade, where local incomes have increased considerably. This paper focuses on a characteristic Qiang area in the mountains of western Sichuan, demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of community tourism development, and uggests that other ethnic minority mountain villages in rural areas draw lessons from Wulong Stockade＇s experience.     

An empirical research of urbanization and urban-rural gap in China： 1952-2005

There are two important problems of urban-rural relationship in China nowadays： the accelerated urbanization process and an enlarged urban-rural gap. The researchers can be divided into two schools according to their emphasis. One emphasizes particularly the urban development, and the other pays attention to the urban-rural income gap. However, there is a very strong association between urbanization rate and urban-rural inequality. As far as it goes, there is a paradox between urbanization and urban-rural inequality in China. This main reason lies＇ in the different temporal and spatial scales chosen by the scholars. Making use of correlative analysis and wavelet method, this paper rethinks and sums up the commonly evolving characteristics and trends between urbanization and urban-rural gap from 1950s to now. There is an intensively positive correlation between urbanization and urban- rural consumption gap. In general, with the acceleration of urbanization, urban-rural gap of China has undergone three stages of cyclical fluctuations. The rapid urbanization results in the increase of urban-rural highly risky. In addition, the special stage of urbanization is the other reason that expands urban-rural gap.     

A study on the tourism practitioners＇ perception of tourism impact： a case study of Hainan,China

This study examines the urban population of tourism practitioners perceptions of economic, environmental, and social impacts on cultural, convention, and sport tourism may have in Haikou and Sanya. Hainan, China. The study uses a modified Urban Tourism Impact （UTI） to examine economic, environmental, and social perceived impacts. Analysis of the data includes testing three models of structural relationships between tourism impacts and support for development in each of the tourism market sub-divisions through a confirmatory factor analysis. The results of this study show that the positive economic impacts consistently exert influence on predicting support for tourism development in all three models. However; the social impacts play a greater explanatory role with all three market segment, the negative environmental impacts play a role in determining support for sport tourism only. Differences have been found with those with a higher education level in predicting support for cultural tourism, but not convention or sport tourism.     

Assessment of the immigration effect and choice of development pattern for scenic areas： a case study of Wuyi Mountain, China

Mountainous regions face a series of Conflicts betWeen the natural resources conservation and the economic development, especially in protected areas, where are the home to some of the poorest people in＇the world In China, the Protected Areas Authorities （such as Protected Areas Authorities of Wuyi Mountain） transferred the mountainous people out of the protected areas. We found that it is not a good approach of immigration project, as fal economic and ecological effect is concerned. Although remote and majestic, beauty attracted many tourists, mass tourism is not a good approach to soh,e the development problem in mountainous areas because it can not provide enough opportunites to make local people live a comfortable life, and the high volume of tourists indicates that the resources, face significant threats. Because many fandscapes,are run by Private enterprises, local residents and government only get limited benefits. Alihough ecotourism principles expatiate on economic development and resource, onservation, local people income and tourists feelings, it has discordance between the theory and the praciice Therefore. the term of ＂integrated ecotourism ＂ was coined in the paper.based on the ecotourism theory, Integrated ecotourism means a broadly tourism resources and pendulum spatial pattern which will come into being with the movement of local,people and tourists from protected areas io the nearby town or city： and it also tries to solve the property right conflict of mountain land between the local people and the private enterprises according to property right theory.     

大城市边缘区城乡多维空间冲突特征与形成机制——以韶关市转溪村为例

大城市边缘区作为城乡功能过渡与要素交汇区,经济社会持续演变,空间冲突日趋激烈,生态文明与城乡共同繁荣语境下加强空间冲突与协调研究具有重要意义。选取典型案例韶关市转溪村,主要采用2008与2018年土地利用数据、2018年问卷调研数据和环境抽样检测数据,从用地空间、经济社会与生态环境等维度,解析大城市边缘区城乡空间冲突特征及成因机制,提出城乡统筹与空间协调发展路径。研究表明:(1)研究区用地变化与冲突明显,城镇用地快速增长,侵占优质区位,农村用地空间明显缩减,生态位不断缩窄。2018年村域建设用地中城镇用地占比高达60.79%。(2)城乡经济差距与冲突显著,外来企业带动作用小,村庄经济发展滞后,城乡收入和公共服务差距大。转溪村人均收入仅为曲江区农村平均水平的50.94%,村民对公共服务满意度低。(3)城市工业等企业嵌入,导致不同程度的大气污染、噪声污染和水污染,61.37%的受访村民认为外来企业破坏环境或干扰生活。(4)城乡空间冲突是多维冲突的交织复合体,主要受城乡地域功能分工、乡村多元价值认知、空间组织与统筹治理、城乡协同发展制度供给等因素影响。(5)应基于生态文明进行功能协调,促进城乡等值发展。基于城乡统筹开展空间重构,优化三生空间治理。基于共同繁荣建立协同机制,保障乡村发展权益。     

广东发展农业生态旅游的条件和区域特征

本文对农业生态旅游的概念、意义、开发条件以及开发前景进行探讨,指出广东省发展农业生态旅游的区位优势、资源优势、农业特色优势和客源优势,并指出发展农业生态旅游有利于促进农村经济全面发展,是今后农业开发的一个方向,在发展广东农业生态旅游时应充分认识到农业旅游的区域性、自然性和季节性的特点,要在农业生产与旅游相结合的基础上,保持其自然景观和乡土气息,同时必须利用当地资源优势,合理布局,全面规划,突出区域性特色,避免重复布点,以促进农业和旅游业可持续发展。     

经济建设与乡土景观在生态与和谐中共生

以土地资源的合理利用、统筹规划,文明建设乡土景观环境,理性保护与开发地域生态文化资源为研究目的,分析乡土景观在基础性经济建设中屡遭破坏现象,通过对乡土景观现状进行分析研究,综合运用现场调研、测绘等技术手段,得出在保证经济建设的同时,构建和谐生态的乡土景观环境与安全健康人居环境的结论。     

中国城乡金融资源配置差异的测度与分析

城乡二元结构是中国经济发展格局的基本特征之一,也是中国区域发展非均衡的主要体现。作为影响城乡二元结构的一个重要因素,城乡金融差距的作用应当值得关注。对城乡金融发展差距进行了深入的分解研究,使用全国数据对中国城乡金融发展的总体差距进行衡量,进而使用省际数据对城乡金融发展差距的省际差异进行分析。     

基于新型城乡关系的崇明生态岛发展模式研究

区域发展模式的选择深受城乡关系及其理论的影响。崇明岛作为一个特殊的地域空间单元,其经济发展模式对传统城乡关系及其理论创新提出了迫切需求。文章基于低碳经济时代下城乡关系的变化与发展趋势,阐明崇明岛相对于上海市区的独特区域功能,辨析了两者之间的区域关系本质,提出了区域功能耦合一体化基础上的崇明＂高端跨越＂的生态岛发展模式。     

趣水·营城——南宁建设公园城市图径探析

寻找南宁建设公园城市的基本思路，以人居环境三元论的理论框架为指导，发挥南宁“小水”资源丰富、沟渠通达的城市生态资源优势；以城市环境生态和风景旅游为引导，开展以山水城市为导向的城乡规划。提出了南宁公园城市的建设方略：保留水网水系，代替“填浜筑路”，留出南宁生态廊道和更多的城市公共休闲、文化和商业空间，形成绿地和公共活动空间的“网络化”。同时，探讨了南宁建设公园城市作为巨大的公共资本投入应如何构建和依托公共政策，探索出一套能让规划项目具有落地性、可操作性和可推广性的行动计划图径，构建一个多部门统筹管理、社会力量协调参与的开放平台，将公园城市建设的工作内容予以落实。     

鄱阳湖流域乡村景观旅游规划设计

如今,乡村旅游已成为鄱阳湖流域经济开发和旅游研究的热点。对鄱阳湖流域乡村旅游景观进行规划设计具有保护文化遗产,丰富旅游资源;保护环境,提高旅游资源的品味度;振兴乡村经济,促进社会和谐等意义。研究区乡村景观规划设计面临的困境有,开发与保护相矛盾;缺乏景观资源特质性的认知与保护,导致景观同质化;景观类型单一,景点分散等。就此,提出了生产型乡村景观、乡村建筑景观、综合性乡村景观旅游规划设计思路。     

基于低碳旅游理念的创意农庄项目开发初探

低碳旅游是一种降低＂碳＂的旅游,也就是在旅游活动中,旅游者尽量降低二氧化碳排放量。休闲农庄资源规划与开发应以生态优先,可持续发展为第一指导原则。在具体的项目开发建设中要注重妥善解决开发所带来的环境破坏和污染,采取必要的生态措施和技术改善林网、水系、田园的农业生态环境,培育绿色产业,繁荣传统文化,构成绿色产业体系。把＂绿色生态文明＂＂可持续发展＂融入各项目区的规划建设之中,高度重视资源保护和文化传承,充分发挥农业、农村、农民的生态和文化优势,吸引游客观光休闲和精心体验,避免盲目开发、无序开发和破坏性开发,走资源节约型,环境友好型的可持续发展道路。     

旅游发展背景下乡村景观格局变迁与优化

乡村景观是发展乡村旅游的资源基础,在旅游发展背景下,乡村景观格局的反向变迁威胁着乡村景观的乡村性,不利于乡村旅游的可持续发展。文章提出,调控乡村旅游发展目标、人类行为和乡村景观空间格局三个要素,是控制和治理乡村景观反向变迁,实现乡村景观优化的主要路径,政府的主导、扶持、规范和引导是乡村景观优化的必要条件。