商业模式设计如何促进企业可持续导向创新绩效——来自扎根理论的多案例研究

高质量发展背景下,企业可持续导向创新绩效成为学界关注的焦点。基于扎根理论,以6家企业为例,遵循“思维—行为—结果”逻辑,推演商业模式设计对可持续导向创新绩效的作用路径,即商业模式设计—知识治理—可持续导向创新绩效。结果表明：商业模式设计体现的微观、中观和宏观结构层次,与知识治理体现的显性和隐性维度,以及可持续导向创新绩效体现的基础性、发展性和增值性间具有对应逻辑关系。最后,提出注重经济、环境和社会创新绩效协同发展,发挥知识治理桥梁作用等启示。     

Strategic niche management of social innovations: the case of social entrepreneurship

Strategic niche management (SNM), a tool to understand and manage radical socio-technical innovations and facilitate their diffusion, has always departed from a technical artefact. Many radical innovations, however, do not revolve around such an artefact. Social entrepreneurship is a new business model that combines a social goal with a business mentality and is heralded as an important new way to create social value such as sustainability. This study examines if and how SNM can be applied to such a social innovation. It identifies theoretical and practical limitations and proposes solutions. The main conclusion is that SNM can be used to analyse radical social innovation, although it requires rethinking the initial entry point for research and management. Exemplifying quotes are proposed as an alternative. Second, this paper suggests using values to describe niche–regime interaction as a better way to anticipate future niche–regime interactions.     

万向集团国际化转型升级中的社会技术创新研究

基于社会技术理论,从商业模式、政策法规和文化整合3个层面研究社会技术创新在万向集团由“嵌入式”向“构建式”转型升级过程中的作用。万向集团在国际化发展过程中形成了以构建全球生产网络模式为代表的商业模式层面上的社会技术创新、以汽车产业促进政策与新能源汽车充电设施发展新规为代表的政策法规层面的社会技术创新和以“合金式”企业文化为代表的文化整合创新。万向集团国际化社会技术创新路径对于我国民营企业走出去具有重要参考价值。     

消费者的企业社会责任认知研究

本文在对企业社会责任(CSR)相关文献分析、研究的基础上,从消费者的视角出发构建企业社会责任构成模型,研究消费者认知CSR的维度。通过对问卷数据的分析,发现产品自身质量、售后服务、商业道德、危机事件的处理、公益行为及管理层社会形象这6个方面构成了消费者对企业社会责任的认知,这对企业树立良好的社会形象、增加企业的知名度与美誉度具有重要的指导意义。     

基于ISM框架的企业科技向善影响因素分析

企业科技向善是指企业为最大化用户价值与社会福祉,运用创新技术以生产与提供产品/服务,实现商业价值与社会价值的企业行动,其重要性受到理论界与实务界的广泛关注。在回顾企业科技向善内涵及影响因素的基础上,采用扎根理论对27位学者、企业家的访谈与演讲实录等质性材料进行分析,提炼企业科技向善影响因素。同时,基于解释结构模型,对企业科技向善影响因素的内在关联及多层递阶结构进行探索,明确企业管理者的认知与态度、价值观是重要前置因素,发现消费者需求与创新机遇识别是必要条件,企业愿景与使命、组织管理及治理结构等内部支撑是基础,政府规制及社会规范等外部利益相关群体与要素是重要动力,市场环境以及社会发展与转型是重要依托。     

From Mad to Mindful: Corporate Control Through Corporate Spirituality

Abstract:

Capitalism has always and will always depend on a compliant workforce. Maintaining the delicate balance between a worker who is just “not-unhappy” enough or desperate enough to continue working while also cutting costs to the bone presents a continuous challenge for business interests. This pursuit to squeeze more productivity out of workers while also managing worker discontent in the cheapest way possible has spawned innovations in labor management which reflect the institutional milieu of the respective time. This research focuses on those labor management techniques particular to neoliberalism and the ways in which cultural movements and trends of the neoliberal period are mined and deployed as yet another useful resource in the disciplining of workers. Corporate mindfulness is the favorite labor management technique of the neoliberal period. The formalized packaging of corporate mindfulness began in the late 1970s but was built on a long tradition of attempts to hack the minds and mindsets of workers. Corporate mindfulness reinforces neoliberalism through the corporate individual, the transformation of the self of the corporate individual, and the creation of the corporation as a community and means of social connection for the corporate individual.     

The evolution of corporate entrepreneurship in Swedish industry—was Schumpeter wrong?

This paper analyzes the evolution and role of corporate entrepreneurship in Swedish industry, particularly for the 1945–1980 period, based on data on the 100 economically most important innovations during this period. Privately owned large corporations (Schumpeter Mark II) dominated in launching innovations in almost all industrial sectors and in all subperiods but decreasingly so. 20% of the innovations were launched by new firms (Schumpeter Mark I) but most of these new firms were spun-off and/or acquired by large corporations. State entrepreneurship was marginal. Universities played an important role, although sector-specific. New firms and existing firms had similar growth rates and almost identical and short gestation times to international markets for their innovations. 80% of the corporate innovations were product renewals rather than product diversifications or process innovations. No evidence of an evolution from autonomous over corporate to state entrepreneurship, as hypothesized by Schumpeter, was found. Evolution of a dynamic coexistence of. these forms of entrepreneurship is hypothesized in this paper. The paper finally presents a model, synthesizing Schumpeter Mark I and II, for analyzing technological change and entrepreneurship.     

Beyond the profit motive: The post-industrial corporation

Global approaches to solving the world problematique are augmented in this paper by a grassroots approach which may encourage the business corporation to evolve into an organic post-industrial form. This post-industrial model embodies two main concepts. One involves the development of social accounting frameworks that encourage the pursuit of social welfare rather than financial profit alone. Results are presented of a computer simulation of such a framework, called the “return on resources” model. The second concept suggests that systems of corporate governance be extended to form a corporate community composed of investors, employees, customers, the public and others involved in corporate affairs in order to facilitate collaborative policy making. These two complementary principles comprise a broader equivalent of free enterprise that provides more appropriate decision-making processes for post-industrial society. This post-industrial paradigm of corporate behavior is believed to be technically feasible, and trends suggest that its adoption is quite possible. The power of business corporations could thereby be transformed into a humanitarian force for achieving sustainable increases in human welfare.     

Environmental management practices: good or bad news for innovations delivering environmental benefits? The moderating effect of market characteristics

We examine empirically whether environmental management practices (EMPs) (environmental audits, ISO 14001 standard, etc.) promote (or not) additional innovations delivering environmental benefits. Using a large sample of French firms (N=4114) and simultaneous equations model (SEM), we found that EMPs positively influence the decision of firms to introduce innovations delivering environmental benefits, but this positive relationship is moderated by market characteristics. The findings indicate that EMPs promote such environmental-related innovations when the market of the main activity of the firm is growing. However, when the market is uncertain or competitive, this relationship turns out to be negative.     

员工企业社会责任感知影响人力资源管理效能？—基于领导行为的协同中介

通过对贵州、广东和福建3个省80家企业1148名员工进行调研,基于员工对企业社会责任、领导行为感知对人力资源管理效能带来积极影响为研究问题构建了一个中介模型。企业社会责任在组织微观层面的内涵越来越得到企业的重视,实现了员工的企业社会责任由产出需求转向投资视角,成为企业满足员工工作需要和工作资源的参照标准体系,有利于提升企业人力资源管理效能。本文研究发现:企业社会责任分别从企业经济责任、法律责任、伦理责任和自行裁量责任影响人力资源管理效能;变革型领导和交易型领导对企业社会责任和人力资源管理效能具有协同中介作用。研究结论对于企业社会责任、领导行为和人力资源管理三者匹配具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

战略激进度与公司创新*

公司战略的制定影响公司整体发展方向。本文以2007-2016年中国A股上市公司为研究样本，研究战略激进度对公司创新的影响。研究发现公司战略激进度越高，创新成果越多。进一步研究发现，在民营企业和产品竞争较强的情况下，公司战略激进度对创新的影响更显著。此外，管理层激励和失败容忍度在战略激进度对公司创新的影响中发挥了中介作用。通过分析战略激进度对公司创新的影响，对管理层进行经营决策、治理层激励创新有一定的借鉴意义。     

创业者网络管理能力与创业机会识别及开发——一个有调节的中介模型

随着我国经济新常态迈向新阶段，社会网络对科技型初创企业创业者的作用愈加重要。由此，提出一个创业者网络管理能力（ENMC）模型，该模型涉及创业者在规划、构建和维持社会网络中的角色，通过创业网络质量的中介作用进一步与创业机会识别、开发相关。借鉴关系生成、公司网络管理以及社会能力理论，构建创业者网络管理能力三维结构模型：网络规划能力（NPC）、网络构建能力（NSC）以及网络维持能力（NMC）。最后，实证检验环境动态性正向调节创业网络质量在创业者网络管理能力对创业机会识别与开发关系的中介作用，发现相比弱环境动态性，强环境动态性条件下，创业者网络管理能力通过创业网络质量对创业机会识别与开发的影响更大。     

垂直薪酬差距对企业创新"质"与"量"的影响

创新不仅取决于管理层决策,而且与员工支持密不可分,那么垂直薪酬差距(管理层与员工的薪酬差距)如何影响企业创新？依据锦标赛理论和社会比较理论,以中国2007-2015年A股非金融上市公司为样本,进行Tobit实证检验。研究发现,垂直薪酬差距对企业创新发挥“锦标赛”激励作用,其中,对创新数量的促进效应在薪酬差距较低组显著,企业融资约束会反向调节垂直薪酬差距与企业创新的关系;薪酬差距中的管理层薪酬溢价能显著提升企业创新数量和质量,而员工薪酬溢价会显著降低企业创新数量,提升企业创新质量,并且对非国有企业更显著。据此提出优化企业薪酬设计、加大企业创新资金支持及人才建设等建议。     

创业者网络管理能力与创业机会识别及开发——一个有调节的中介模型

随着我国经济新常态迈向新阶段，社会网络对科技型初创企业创业者的作用愈加重要。由此，提出一个创业者网络管理能力（ENMC）模型，该模型涉及创业者在规划、构建和维持社会网络中的角色，通过创业网络质量的中介作用进一步与创业机会识别、开发相关。借鉴关系生成、公司网络管理以及社会能力理论，构建创业者网络管理能力三维结构模型：网络规划能力（NPC）、网络构建能力（NSC）以及网络维持能力（NMC）。最后，实证检验环境动态性正向调节创业网络质量在创业者网络管理能力对创业机会识别与开发关系的中介作用，发现相比弱环境动态性，强环境动态性条件下，创业者网络管理能力通过创业网络质量对创业机会识别与开发的影响更大。     

The Role of Environmental Management in Consumers Preferences for Corporate Social Responsibility

Consumers in modern societies are increasingly sensitive to environmental performance by large and small corporations, making it a crucial issue in the overall policy of corporate social responsibility. The objective of this paper is to study the role of environmental performance in the profile of corporate social responsibility as perceived by consumers. We utilize a stated preference approach to the study of consumer’s preferences. This approach allows for the evaluation in monetary terms of the trade-offs that individuals can make between various aspects of corporate policy decisions, including the extent of environmental performance. The data is modelled by means of a mixture heuristics approach that allows us to study the utilization of various decision rules in the choice of products with various degrees of environmental performance. The results show that the linear compensatory heuristic is the most extended across individuals and these subjects value most the policies concerned with environmental management. Those subjects opting for the non-compensatory decision rule tend to focus on the attribute of good labour relations as the most salient factor defining corporate social responsibility. In addition, policy measures are relatively more valued for some products rather than for others, suggesting that consumers discriminate between products when valuing companies’ environmental profiles.     

中央企业的社会责任与财务管理目标探讨

企业承担社会责任与实现财务目标具有紧密的联系,企业在实现财务目标的同时,也应履行相应的社会责任,这对提升公司价值是有益处的。第一部分首先探讨了企业社会责任的相关企业社会责任的内涵、中央企业社会责任的特殊性及其履行方式;第二部分对企业的财务管理目标和社会责任的关系进行了分析,指出了在三种方式的驱动下二者的一致性,得出＂相关者利益最大化＂是中央企业财务目标的最佳选择;最后从财务目标和企业社会责任的角度,分析了二者之间的联系及其协调过程,强调了利益相关者各方利益的协调,而且提出了协调的方法,认为企业实现财务目标的过程就是将企业承担社会责任与实现财务目标契合,在承担社会责任的过程中实现财务目标,在实现财务目标的过程中承担社会责任。     

业务流程管理的一般构成模型

流程化和职能化是流程管理研究中的基本矛盾,本文从阐述流程管理与职能环节的关系出发,对制造企业的业务流程进行重新分类并对业务流程管理的一般内容做出概括,在此基础上构建了业务流程管理的构成模型,并阐述模型所包含的理论意义。     

企业社会责任管理与实践能力对公司绩效的影响

本文以2014—2017年沪深股市11个行业的上市公司为样本,对企业社会责任管理能力、实践能力及其协同作用对公司绩效(财务绩效与市场绩效)的影响进行了理论分析与实证检验.通过固定效应模型分析发现:企业社会责任管理能力对财务绩效具有显著的负向影响且具有滞后性,但与市场绩效不相关;企业社会责任实践能力与财务绩效存在当期正相关和滞后负相关关系,并与市场绩效负相关;企业社会责任管理与实践能力对财务绩效与市场绩效均具有长期协同促进作用.研究结论为我国上市公司协同推进社会责任管理与实践提供了经验证据.     

技术型连锁独立董事、技术创新与环境绩效

基于资源依赖理论、声誉理论和组织间模仿理论,实证检验了技术型连锁独立董事非正式机制对企业环境绩效的影响,探究了技术创新对技术型连锁董事与环境绩效关系的调节作用。以中国A股上市公司2014-2016年面板数据进行实证分析,结果表明：技术型连锁执行董事与企业环境绩效不存在显著关系;技术型连锁独立董事与企业环境绩效呈正相关关系;国有企业中技术型连锁独立董事与企业环境绩效呈显著负相关关系。进一步研究还发现,技术创新降低了技术型连锁独立董事对环境绩效的正向关系;在国有企业中,技术创新没有对技术型连锁独立董事与环境绩效关系产生影响。     

Business innovation in Russian industry

This article reports the results of a quasi‐longitudinal survey of 2,800 top corporate executives of Russian industrial enterprises, presenting a snapshot of current innovation attempts in Russian enterprises and indicating economic and institutional factors that foster or hinder innovation. Russian CEOs see the necessity of profound changes in many areas of enterprise management and are not afraid of such changes, as innovations are perceived to be the best competitive weapon. However, their resources for radical innovation are rather limited. Beside lack of finance, the superimposed narrower strategic focus, the rigidities of local business networks, the weakness of external infrastructure for innovation and the absence of state support seriously impede attempts to implement radical changes. However, in every Russian industry surveyed there is a visible presence of innovative companies, which constitute 15–30% of all large and medium‐size companies. Moreover, increasing imports and the growing number of foreign subsidiaries in Russia will continue to push Russian companies towards more intensive changes in all areas of enterprise management.