离岸与在岸人民币汇率的联动性效应研究——中间价报价机制改革前后

本文根据此次中间价报价机制改革前后的数据,对人民币即期CNY市场,香港离岸人民币CNH市场与离岸的无本金交割人民币远期NDF市场之间相互存在的联动性效应进行了实证分析.结果发现:在改革之前主要是在岸市场对离岸市场实现价格的信息传导,在岸汇率引导着离岸汇率,而在离岸市场上CNH市场逐渐起到了替代NDF市场的作用;改革之后则发现CNY、CNH、NDF三者的汇率存在着高度相关性,三者的短期汇率互相产生了信息的双向传递性,人民币汇率的价格发现机制不断得到改善.     

离岸与在岸人民币市场间的报酬溢出效应研究

随着人民币国际化进程的加快,离岸与在岸人民币市场间的相互影响越来越强.本文通过选取2014年3月17日至2016年6月14日这段时间的数据,运用Eviews建立VAR模型,分3个时期,分别研究离岸人民币(CNH)市场和在岸人民币(CNY)市场间的报酬溢出关系以及相应的变化.结果表明:随着央行进一步推进人民币汇率形成机制改革,放松对CNY汇率波动的管制,CNY市场和CNH市场相互之间表现出报酬溢出效应,并且CNH市场对CNY市场的影响更大,相对来说香港离岸人民币市场更能反映市场信息;一旦央行加大对人民币汇率的干预力度,过多使用行政力量影响人民币汇率的走向,CNY市场和CNH市场便不存在报酬溢出关系.     

人民币国际化进程中不同市场汇率关联性的实证研究——基于CNY、CNH和NDF市场的数据

本文检验了人民币在岸市场(CNY)即期汇率、香港人民币离岸市场(CNH)即期汇率和海外人民币无本金交割市场(NDF)远期汇率之间的交互关系。通过DCC-MVGARCH模型研究CNY、CNH、NDF三个市场汇率之间的动态相关关系,不仅考虑了三个市场汇率波动性的条件异方差性,还考虑了该波动性的相关性。通过计算三个市场的方差方程,得到衡量不同市场波动溢出效应的时变相关系数。研究结果表明,三个市场相关程度较强,信息传递较快;2007年前人民币在岸市场即期汇率与离岸市场即期汇率波动性关系不强,2007年后波动性影响显著,说明人民币国际化影响在加强。     

人民币离岸市场与境内市场的信息传递研究——基于NDF汇率和即期汇率的实证分析

本文研究人民币即期汇率与NDF之间的关系和信息流的传递.利用MA(1)-GARCH(1,1)模型描述人民币即期汇率与NDF的变动,用GARCH模型检验人民币即期汇率与NDF之间的均值溢出效应和波动溢出效应.得到的主要结论为,人民币NDF市场对人民币即期汇率市场有均值溢出效应,人民币即期汇率和NDF之间有双向波动溢出效应.这表明信息流由境外市场传导至境内市场,人民币即期汇率市场受到境外市场因素的影响,离岸人民币NDF市场是境内即期市场的先导.     

境内外银行间人民币同业拆借利率的联动关系研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

随着人民币国际化进程的加快,境外逐渐形成了人民币银行间同业拆借市场。本文采用MVGARCH模型,在学术界首次研究了上海银行间人民币同业拆借利率(SHIBOR)与香港银行间人民币同业拆借利率(CNY HIBOR)的联动关系。发现SHIBOR对CNY HIBOR表现出明显的均值溢出效应,但CNY HIBOR对SHIBOR的影响不明显;上海市场与香港市场之间只有少量的利率对(Interest Rate Pair)存在双向的波动溢出效应;期限较短的利率对的动态条件相关系数随着时间的推移有加大的态势,但是波动性也在增强。各期限人民币利率对的动态条件相关系数在2013年6月的银行间"钱荒"时期都有显著的增大。对于由共同报价银行报出的SHIBOR-CNY HIBOR利率对,均值溢出效应和动态条件相关系数的计算结果与SHIBOR-CNY HIBOR的计算结论类似,但是波动溢出效应更强。根据上述结论,就如何避免离岸人民币同业拆借市场对在岸人民币同业拆借市场的单向溢出效应给出了政策建议。     

境内外人民币外汇市场的多阶矩风险溢出效应研究

本文测算了人民币汇率的意外波动率、条件偏度和条件峰度等多阶矩风险指标,结合DY溢出指数模型与DCC-GARCH模型研究了境内人民币外汇市场、香港离岸外汇市场和NDF市场之间的风险溢出效应。研究发现：人民币汇率的高阶矩波动率能够更好地捕捉到小概率冲击或极端冲击的影响;在频域视角下,境内外人民币外汇市场间存在显著的静态风险溢出效应,且意外波动率风险溢出效应持续期相对较长,境内市场是风险溢出的源头,往往以香港离岸市场为中介将风险传导至NDF市场;从时域角度看,各阶矩下的风险溢出效应都具有不断增强的时变特征,且对未预期冲击、小概率冲击和极端冲击较为敏感;就风险溢出效应所体现的风险联动性来看,境内外市场的风险联动性在各阶矩维度下也都是显著的。     

离岸与在岸人民币利率联动效应研究

本文构建了包含离岸与在岸人民币利率的人民币流动模型,从理论上探讨了离、在岸利率联动效应的影响机制,并且在此基础上对离、在岸人民币利率进行联动效应检验,结果表明各期限利率间CNY对CNH有显著的溢出效应,但是CNH对CNY的溢出效应影响仅出现在较长期限的利率组合中.通过进一步对离、在岸美元利率联动效应的研究发现,在离岸市场发展初期,仅存在在岸利率对离岸利率的单向影响,但是随着市场规模的不断扩大,离岸利率对在岸利率的影响将逐步显现.由此推衍可知,未来终将形成离岸与在岸人民币利率双向联动的格局.本文最后提出了相关政策建议以保障离岸市场发展进程中利率政策的有效性.     

在岸与离岸人民币汇率多尺度溢出效应研究——基于MODWT-DGCt-MSV模型

随着人民币国际化的稳慎扎实推进,在岸和离岸人民币汇率双向波动逐渐成为常态,市场风险传递较以往也愈发迅速。构建MODWT-DGCt-MSV模型,测量在岸与离岸人民币汇率在不同频次交易下形成多个尺度的波动溢出效应。研究表明,离岸人民币汇率的波动性比在岸更强,在岸人民币汇率长期尺度与离岸人民币汇率中期、长期的动态相关性较强;在岸和离岸人民币汇率波动存在明显的集聚效应,各尺度之间大多存在波动传递的格兰杰因果关系,离岸人民币市场更多地作为波动溢出的源头;在岸人民币汇率在美联储加息时对离岸的波动溢出效应较非加息周期有所增强。     

人民币离岸NDF汇率与境内人民币汇率关系的实证

人民币汇改以来,人民币离岸NDF市场的交易日趋活跃,对人民币汇率走势预期的影响也日渐增强.实证结果表明,人民币离岸NDF 市场上存在着不同程度的人民币升值预期,预期升值水平与NDF汇率期限相关;人民币离岸NDF汇率影响着人民币即期汇率,离岸NDF市场对人民币即期市场存在单向波动溢出效应,在信息传递上表现为人民币离岸NDF市场的汇率信息向境内人民币市场传递.     

人民币在岸与离岸市场汇率极端风险溢出研究

本文采用联合非对称MVMQ-CAViaR模型,对离岸人民币和在岸人民币市场间的极端风险溢出效应进行研究。结果表明:人民币离岸和在岸市场的极端风险存在显著的溢出效应,但溢出水平有限,且离岸人民币对在岸人民币的溢出更加明显;利空消息冲击比利好消息冲击引起的人民币外汇市场下挫力度更强,联合冲击会加剧市场波动;"8.11汇改"提高了两个市场极端风险的溢出水平,且汇改之后,两个市场人民币的上行风险和下行风险都明显增加。因此,货币当局要加快人民币汇率的市场化进程,提高在岸人民币对离岸人民币的影响力,同时应特别警惕离岸与在岸人民币的联合效应,防范人民币的断崖式贬值。     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.