基金经理个人特征对基金绩效的影响及其机理研究

本文引入反映基金经理行为因素的投资风格变量,探讨基金经理个人特征对基金绩效的影响,并分别对牛市和熊市两种不同行情下基金经理个人特征及投资风格与基金绩效之间的相关关系进行分析.在此基础上,将基金极端业绩分布引入模型,对研究进行拓展.研究结果表明:基金经理的性别、学历背景等个人特征能够显著地影响投资风格,而这些个人特征对基金绩效的影响主要通过换手率、持股集中度、行业集中度等投资风格变量来传递;在牛市和熊市两种不同行情下,基金经理个人特征及投资风格对基金绩效和极端业绩分布的影响存在差异.     

投资管理和内部治理是否影响基金极端风险？——基于尾部风险传染效应的研究

运用Copula-CoVaR模型和动态面板数据模型，依据2015—2021年中国基金市场数据，考量基金投资管理和内部治理对极端风险的影响。结果显示：开放式基金受极端风险的影响，形成了显著和持续的风险溢出效应；基金投资管理和内部治理特征对其极端风险影响显著；投资集中度降低了基金极端风险；主动投资行为、资金流入量、经理人数量、经理投资年限、成本率、公司规模等会增大其极端风险；按照历史业绩、投资风格、行业主题对基金分组，极端风险影响因素在组内和组间呈现出一定的异质性。     

股市周期转换、公募基金风险调整行为与投资业绩

通过使用改进型BB方法对我国股市从2005~2014年的运行周期进行划分并找出周期转折点。研究转折点前后六个月的基金前期业绩对风险调整行为影响后发现,熊市进入牛市时前期表现较好的基金会提高投资组合风险;总体上前期业绩表现好的基金风险调整策略更为积极进取。研究转折点前后基金风险调整行为有效性发现,总体上在极端市场环境中降低投资组合风险有利于改善业绩;熊市进入牛市时激进的投资策略有助于改善业绩表现;牛市进入熊市时保守的投资策略有助于改善业绩表现。     

基于基金经理更换的激励约束效应研究

本文以2005年至2009年为样本期,考察了基金业绩和内部治理机制在基金经理更换中的作用,以及更换后业绩和投资行为的变化。研究发现:业绩能够较好解释基金经理降职,但对升职解释不足。基金经理升职后,继任经理会改变投资风格,从而使得业绩能够保持;而降职之后,继任经理的投资风格和资产配置都发生了显著的变化,从而使得基金业绩在不增加投资组合风险的前提下得以改善。股权较为分散、股东间有效制衡的基金公司旗下的基金经理更容易被更换,但董事会制度与基金经理更换不尽相关。同时中资基金经理更换机制不如合资基金有效。所以,基金经理更换是一种较为有效但尚不完善的激励机制。     

基金过去的业绩会影响未来的风险选择吗

当基金的业绩表现较差时，基金经理是否会加大基金投资组合的风险呢？本文以Hsiu—lang Chen和George G．Pennacchi的基金经理组合投资模型为基础，分析我国基金业绩对基金投资组合风险的影响。从这一模型来看，基金过去的业绩排名并不一定会影响基金未来的风险选择，过去业绩表现较差的基金也不一定会倾向干增加基金投资组合的风险。另外，本文的实证结果也支持这一结论。随后本文又采用Logit模型来分析影响基金风险选择的因素，结果发现：基金经理从业年限越长、基金申购费和赎回费越低、基金资产净值越大以及基金成立时间越短，基金经理越倾向干在基金业绩表现不好时增加基金的投资组合风险。     

排名压力下的基金风格漂移实证研究

本文以中国2006年到2008年的所有投资基金为研究对象,考察基金在排名压力下投资行为的变化.研究发现,基金投资风格有集中的趋势,并且实际的投资风格与宣称的类别有较大的偏离.在风格漂移影响因素中,市场预期、前期的业绩排名是主要因素.研究还发现,业绩排名前后10％的基金风格漂移程度不同,排名靠前的基金表现出更为积极的风格漂移.在业绩排名压力下,排名在前的基金采取了积极的变换投资风格的行为,这对投资者是有利的.     

基金业绩如何影响风格漂移和经理离职?——理论与经验分析

本文通过一个两期模型,刻画了基金业绩如何通过影响市场信念,进而影响基金风格漂移和基金公司的解雇行为。若上期基金业绩很好,基金经理就会在乐观的自我能力预期下,完全按照自己的判断选择基金投资风格;若上期业绩一般,基金经理会因为调整成本而不太愿意切换投资风格;而若上期业绩很差导致自我能力预期悲观,基金经理就宁愿模仿上期绩优基金的投资风格。综合起来,基金风格漂移将随上期基金业绩呈现出显著的U型关系。进一步,因为业绩很差的基金经理会采取模仿策略,因此在市场风格发生切换时更有可能发生基金经理解雇事件。此外,本文基于中国开放式基金的季度数据,检验了风格漂移与滞后一期基金业绩之间的关系,经验证据稳健地支持了理论分析的各种结论。     

基金业绩如何影响风格漂移和经理离职?——理论与经验分析

本文通过一个两期模型,刻画了基金业绩如何通过影响市场信念,进而影响基金风格漂移和基金公司的解雇行为。若上期基金业绩很好,基金经理就会在乐观的自我能力预期下,完全按照自己的判断选择基金投资风格;若上期业绩一般,基金经理会因为调整成本而不太愿意切换投资风格;而若上期业绩很差导致自我能力预期悲观,基金经理就宁愿模仿上期绩优基金的投资风格。综合起来,基金风格漂移将随上期基金业绩呈现出显著的U型关系。进一步,因为业绩很差的基金经理会采取模仿策略,因此在市场风格发生切换时更有可能发生基金经理解雇事件。此外,本文基于中国开放式基金的季度数据,检验了风格漂移与滞后一期基金业绩之间的关系,经验证据稳健地支持了理论分析的各种结论。     

基金管理模式对基金业绩、风险及投资风格的影响研究

基金管理模式对基金业绩、风险及投资风格影响的研究,主要是从团队基金管理模式和个人基金管理模式出发,在基金业绩方面,两者没有出现较大的差距,并且运用团队基金管理的模式所面临的风险更小,可以有效保障投资的稳定性和持续性。在本文中通过不同基金管理模式和不同基金类型运用不同管理模式对基金业绩、风险及投资风格造成的影响进行分析,得出结论:无论运用哪一种基金管理模式对最终基金的业绩、投资风格没有显著的影响,但是运用团队的基金管理模式可以更加有效分散投资的风险。     

国内外关于基金投资风格的研究及启示

本文从基金投资风格的种类及划分尺度、识别基金投资风格的方法、基金投资风格与基金业绩、基金投资风格的持续性和中国证券投资基金投资风格的实证研究五个方面，对国内外关于基金投资风格的研究进行了评述，并对相关研究给投资者和基金管理人带来的启示进行了论述。     

Is Concentration a Good Idea? Evidence from Active Fund Management

In this paper, we examine whether mutual fund managers in Taiwan produce superior performance through concentrated investment strategy, and find that mutual funds with higher degree of concentration have higher investment performance and lower risk during the period 2001–2009. Moreover, when the degree of industry concentration of fund holdings is higher, there is less impact on stock market performance. However, the premium of the market portfolio has more impact on the performance of funds when there is lower degree of industry concentration. We also find that the stock-picking and market-timing abilities of mutual fund managers result in funds with high degree of industry concentration having more returns and lower risks than the funds with low degree of industry concentration.     

基于规模与风格的证券投资基金最优组合构建研究

本文选择中国2004年10月1日前成立的8种投资风格共133只证券投资基金,根据其在2005年1月1日-2008年3月31日共161周的数据,依照非回置等权抽样方法构建基金组合。在研究了基金组合规模与组合风险和绩效关系的基础上,着重探讨了基金组合所含风格类型以及基金组合风格丰富化指标与组合风险和绩效的关系。在上述研究的基础上,论文提出了综合规模和风格双因素的基金最优组合构建原则,并得出了最适度风格类型模型和最适度风格丰富化指标模型。     

Investment style positioning of UK unit trusts

We investigate the investment style positioning of UK equity unit trusts (mutual funds) over the 24-year period from 1987 to 2010 and assess if fund manager claims to follow a particular style strategy are evidenced in practice. Generally, UK unit trusts do not, in fact, consistently track declared styles but subject their funds to style switching or rotation. Nor do funds switch to become simple index trackers, as has widely been reported, but exhibit a mix of behaviour that we refer to as ‘market-momentum styling’. Our contribution is to offer a coherent, end-to-end picture of the evolution of investment styles over an economic cycle. In so doing we evidence that fund style positioning is subject to rotation and becomes subordinated to past portfolio performance or style momentum. Even this result is conditional as we go on to demonstrate that style investment is very likely to be driven by broader economic conditions, thereby creating market-momentum styling by default. This is arguably not a style at all and calls into question the intent behind fund ‘strategies’.     

The shrouded business of style drift in active mutual funds

This study investigates the motivation and performance consequence of intentional style drift in an exclusively in-house fund management industry in China. With style drift, fund investors are exposed to investment portfolio outside their risk-return preference but are generally unaware that their risk and return expectations are disrupted, and the functioning of the fund market undermined. Our study provides evidence for the first time about the incentive that motivates style drift behavior. We find that style drift increases a fund's subsequent net inflows, thus affirming the maximization of AUM-linked compensation as the motivation for fund manager's style drift behavior. We also find that larger funds have greater incentive to drift. We demonstrate that style drift behavior interferes with the picking of quality stocks to deliver fund performance for fund investors. Style drift as an unobserved risk behavior harms fund investor interest and undermines market integrity.     

Performance persistence and style consistency of Indian fixed income mutual funds – A longitudinal study

In this study, we evaluate the performance of Indian fixed-income mutual funds using a comprehensive sample over a ten-year period from April 2010 to March 2020. We examine performance persistence of 190 fixed income funds across 16 fund categories and analyze investment style of the most persistent and top performing funds. We assess performance persistence using recursive portfolio formation test, and analyze investment style using Sharpe's (1992) asset class factor model supplemented with Lobosco and diBartolomeo (1997) approach for statistical robustness. We also study the correlation between performance persistence and style consistency and find persistent funds to be less consistent in style. Our findings indicate that a substantial proportion (73%) of the funds considered were under-performers. Our results pertaining to style analysis indicate substantial drift in investment style from regulator-mandated investment objectives. Further, the study nudges regulators to revisit the prevailing practice of fund classification based on Macaulay's duration. In light of the growing prominence of Indian fixed income securities, the findings of this study are all the more pertinent to investors, asset management companies and policy makers.     

Brothers from different mothers how distribution fees change investment behavior

We ask whether loads affect investment flows in the US mutual fund industry. We argue that sales fees make the investment decision partially irreversible. Under these circumstances investors await for a stronger signal of managerial ability before committing to a new fund. This stronger signal can take the form of a particularly strong performance or a particularly long series of positive performance realizations. Looking at pairs of fund shares with the same portfolio but different sales fee arrangements we show that investment flows in share classes with front loads react disproportionally to good performances (higher convexity in the flow-performance relationship) and react to performance realizations further back in time (longer memory). A counterfactual example of fund shares with back-end loads allows us to rule out the hypothesis that this behavior is due to the incentive structure of brokers. Finally we show that these behavioral modifications induced by front loads have a negative and significant effect on investors’ timing ability.     

Style chasing by hedge fund investors

This paper examines whether investors chase hedge fund investment styles. We find that better-performing and more popular styles are rewarded with higher inflows in subsequent periods. This indicates that investors compare hedge fund styles in terms of recent performance and popularity, and they subsequently reallocate funds from less successful to more successful styles. Furthermore, we find evidence of competition between individual hedge funds of the same style. Funds outperforming the other funds in their styles and funds whose inflows exceed the average flows in their styles experience higher inflows in subsequent periods. One of the reasons for competition among same-style funds is investors’ search for the best managers. The high minimum investment required to invest in a hedge fund limits investors’ diversification opportunities and makes this search particularly important. Finally, we show that hedge fund investors’ implementation of style chasing in combination with intra-style fund selection represents a smart strategy.