资产专用性、产品市场竞争力与资本结构——基于IT产业上市公司的数据

本文以信息产业上市公司2002-2011年的面板数据为基础,研究资产专用性与产品市场竞争力对资本结构的影响.分析结果表明,资产专用性、市场占有率与资产负债率显著正相关;盈利能力与资产负债率显著负相关;加入控制变量企业规模后,资产专业性、盈利能力和市场占有率对资产负债率的影响方向没有改变且企业规模与资产负债率显著正相关.     

资产专用性、产品市场竞争和资本结构——基于我国上市公司的实证分析

本文研究资产专用性和产品市场竞争对公司资本结构的影响,发现我国上市公司资本结构与产品市场强度和资产专用性负相关。在高资产专用性行业,资产清算价值受到影响,产品市场竞争越激烈,发生清算的概率越大,公司负债率越低。我们运用沪深上市公司面板数据进行检验,实证分析支持我们的理论假设,并且三者之间的关系在不同行业表现出不同的特征,这主要是受不同的行业竞争结构和资产专用性的影响。理论和实证分析表明在我国某些竞争性行业存在＂过度监管＂现象,融资条件过于苛刻而不能得到有效的股权融资。     

金融错配、资产专用性与资本结构

当前金融错配显著存在于我国金融市场运行中,金融错配模糊了债务融资的市场治理结构属性,从而扭曲了资产专用性与资本结构之间的关系。本文通过选取2009-2013年我国沪深两市A股上市公司为样本,检验金融错配的存在性以及金融错配对资产专用性与资本结构关系的影响。研究结论表明:金融错配对上市公司资产专用性与资本结构的关系的影响呈现所有制上的差异性。国有上市公司存在的金融错配问题,引发其资产专用性治理结构属性变迁,资产专用性与资本结构正相关;民营上市公司不存在金融错配问题,资产专用性与资本结构负相关。     

资产专用性对资本结构的影响研究—基于深市制造业上市公司的动态检验

文章按照JONVilasusoh和AlansonMinIder（2001）的思路构造动态实证模型,利用中国深市A股上市公司的财务数据,检验考虑资产专用性与交易成本、生产成本因素在内的综合新古典交易成本分析模型得出的结论。研究表明,随着资产专用性的提高,公司资本结构中权益成分的比率将越高。因此．企业在进行融资决策的过程中应当讲资产专用性作为一个考虑因素,综合各方面的成本作出分析。     

战略资源、专用性投资与融资结构

新发展起来的企业资源理论认为,为了实现自己的战略目标和提高企业的竞争力,企业要经常进行专用性投资。但由于专用性投资资产的不可调配性,专用性投资又影响着企业的融资结构。本文基于企业资源观点,运用交易成本经济学的分析框架分析探讨了专用性投资对融资结构的影响,并以2003～2006年上市公司作为研究样本,检验了资产专用性与融资结构的关系。理论分析显示,专用性投资水平达到一定程度以后,专用性投资水平与融资结构呈负相关,并通过实证分析得到了验证。     

专用性资产与企业联盟

专用性资产在企业联盟中发挥着重要作用,是企业联盟产生的重要原因,它不一定导致纵向一体化,却可能导致战略联盟这一企业组织间合作形式的出现.培育企业联盟中专用性资产主要是加强专用性人才资本和物质资本的投资和管理,加强企业商誉和牌子的投资等.     

我国保险公司资本结构影响因素实证研究

保险公司作为金融机构的重要组成部分,本身就具有高负债的资本结构特点,因此良好的资本结构对其发展尤为重要。采用面板数据对中国保险公司资本结构的影响因素进行了实证研究之后发现,保险公司的公司规模与资本结构水平显著正相关,而保险公司的获利能力、成长性、资产担保价值以及再保险比率对保险公司资本结构的影响不显著;同时进行了基于样本和变量的稳健性检验,与实证研究结论一致。这表明中国保险公司在扩大规模进行发展的同时,要及时调整资本结构水平至最优模式,从而更好地创造价值。     

资产专用性与公司资本结构——来自中国制造业股份有限公司的经验证据

交易成本经济学视角下的公司融资理论指出,债务与权益应该视为不同类型的“治理结构”,而这种治理结构的具体选择又主要取决于公司资产专用性。我们以2001—2003年我国制造业股份有限公司为研究对象,运用多元线性回归计量模型实证表明,公司资本结构与资产专用性和盈利能力负相关,但公司盈利能力与资产专用性正相关。因此,公司资本结构的决策不仅要考虑公司资产投资具有专用性的特点,而且还要考虑其自身的盈利能力,才可能在激烈的产品市场竞争中获得可持续竞争优势与优良绩效。     

上市公司资本结构的影响因素实证研究——以宁波为例

资本结构对企业经营至关重要。本文选取宁波24家上市公司2007年到2010年的数据,构建面板数据模型对影响上市公司资本结构状况的主要内部因素进行实证分析,分析发现影响宁波上市公司资本结构的内部因素中,资产结构的影响最大,其次是资产流动性、盈利能力、公司规模,公司成长性的影响不是很显著。     

财务视角下资产专用性经济后果研究文献综述

资产专用性作为交易费用经济学的核心概念,对企业财务行为和财务决策具有深刻的影响。本文主要着眼于资产专用性对企业财务绩效、资本结构和会计稳健性的影响,对财务视角下资产专用性经济后果的相关研究文献进行回顾,并对相关文献进行总体评述。资产专用性作为企业创新的替代变量,通过结合我国创新驱动发展战略的实施,期望能够为后续研究提供参考。     

Credit supply and corporate capital structure: Evidence from Japan

In this paper we examine how financial constraints, especially fluctuations in the supply of credit, affect the capital structure of 1537 publicly listed Japanese firms from 1980 to 2007, in a data set with 33,000 observations. It is one of the first studies to do so and is inspired by the recent studies of Leary (2009) and Faulkender and Petersen (2006). Japan was selected due to the extreme credit supply fluctuations observed during the last 30 years. It thus offers an ideal natural experiment to test the impact of credit supply on corporate capital structure. In particular, in our panel data study we investigated the impact of the asset bubble in the 1980s and the credit crunch of the late 1990s on corporate capital structure decisions. The results of this paper show, among other findings, that financial policy decisions are indeed influenced by monetary conditions and the supply of credit. In particular, smaller sized firms face financial constraints, especially during economic downturns.     

Capital Structure and Assets: Effects of an Implicit Collateral

This paper analyses a firm's capital structure choice when assets have outside value. Valuable assets implicitly provide a collateral and increase tax shield exploitation. The key feature in this paper is asset value uncertainty, implying that it is unknown ex ante whether the equity holders ex post optimally sell the assets or re‐optimise the capital structure. Ex ante, more uncertain asset value decreases leverage, but not firm value, and selling the assets becomes less likely. Firms should tend to invest in assets whose value is less correlated to changes in earnings and, in addition, asset sales are less likely when this correlation is low.     

Corporate Debt Value,Bond Covenants,and Optimal Capital Structure

This article examines corporate debt values and capital structure in a unified analytical framework. It derives closed-form results for the value of long-term risky debt and yield spreads, and for optimal capital structure, when firm asset value follows a diffusion process with constant volatility. Debt values and optimal leverage are explicitly linked to firm risk, taxes, bankruptcy costs, risk-free interest rates, payout rates, and bond covenants. The results elucidate the different behavior of junk bonds versus investment-grade bonds, and aspects of asset substitution, debt repurchase, and debt renegotiation.     

国企“混改”与企业金融资产配置

本文利用2010～2017年中国沪深A股非金融类上市公司面板数据,考察了国企“混改”对企业金融资产配置的影响,并重点分析了国企“混改”过程中企业金融资产配置的动机。结果显示,非国有股东参股促进了国有企业的金融资产投资。机制检验发现,非国有股东参股通过治理效应路径和融资约束路径共同影响了国有企业的金融资产配置行为,具体表现为非国有股东参股带来的监督治理效应和融资约束强化效应均增强了国有企业配置金融资产的预防性储蓄动机,进而促使国有企业增加金融资产投资。上述研究结果表明,非国有股东参股推动的国有企业金融资产投资并非出于短期利益追逐,而是为了平滑企业投资进行的预防性储蓄。本文研究对于如何通过深化混合所有制改革引导企业“脱虚向实”有一定的借鉴意义。     

资本约束对商业银行资产配置行为的影响——基于175家商业银行数据的经验研究

本文使用1998～2009年我国175家商业银行的资产配置数据,研究了资本监管制度对银行资产配置行为的影响。本文发现,现行的资本监管制度对银行资产配置行为具有重要影响,资本监管制度实施之后,银行依据自身资本水平调整资产结构,资本充足银行持有更多的风险资产,贷款比例较高;而资本不足银行则减持风险资产,贷款比例下降。此外,由于不同规模商业银行面临的融资约束不同,资本水平对资产配置行为的影响存在一定的差异,资本对城市及农村商业银行的约束效应更明显。本文的这些发现为监管当局的资本监管政策提供了经验证据,并提出进行差异化监管的政策建议。     

Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates and tax reform: Evidence from Australia

This study examines the determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates in Australia spanning the Ralph Review of Business Taxation reform. Our results indicate that corporate effective tax rates are associated with several major firm-specific characteristics, including firm size, capital structure (leverage) and asset mix (capital intensity, inventory intensity and R&D intensity). While the Ralph Review tax reform had a significant impact on many of these associations, corporate effective tax rates continue to be associated with firm size, capital structure and asset mix after the tax reform.     

Capital Structure Equilibrium under Market Imperfections and Incompleteness

This paper generalizes Miller's supply-side equilibrium argument to other forms of capital market imperfections and incompleteness. If corporations possess a comparative advantage in dealing with these imperfections, they have an incentive to act as financial intermediaries. Corporations' attempts to profit from these intermediation activities dictate an optimal capital structure for the corporate sector as a whole, but in equilibrium the capital structure of any single firm is a matter of indifference. In addition, the positive role that corporate finance plays in completing the market restores standard perfect market results on asset pricing and the associated portfolio separation properties.     

战略性新兴产业企业融资效率实证分析--以甘肃省为例

融资效率是衡量企业资金投入效果的核心标准。文章基于企业融资结构视角,选取2010年1季度-2015年3季度10家甘肃省战略性新兴产业上市公司样本,运用面板数据模型实证分析了甘肃省战略性新兴产业企业融资效率。实证结果表明：甘肃省战略性新兴产业企业债务融资效率最高,内源融资效率次之,股权融资效率不显著;不同期限的债务中,短期债务与企业利润负相关,长期债务则与企业利润正相关。最后,文章提出了加大银行信贷支持、拓宽资本市场融资渠道以及提升企业自身价值的建议。     

Capital structure in the Chilean corporate sector: Revisiting the stylized facts

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the traditional drivers of the capital structure, in addition to others particularities of the Chilean corporate sector. Using panel data methodology, this study examines the potential drivers of the capital structure in a sample of 157 Chilean firms. To do that, this study also includes variables not commonly used in the literature (e.g. ownership concentration, business groups affiliation, and dividends), as distinctive elements of the Chilean corporate sector. Our results show a positive effect of firm size and ownership concentration on firms leverage; as well as a negative effect of the pay-out policy, growth opportunities, non-debt tax shields, and profitability on the leverage. Some expected relationships in the Anglo-Saxon context are also curiously observed in Chile. Nevertheless, there are some relations that are not in line with the current literature such as the negative relationship between asset tangibility and leverage. Finally, firms’ affiliation to economic groups allows them to take advantage of internal capital markets, increasing leverage. This suggests that some of the insights from the current theoretical bodies are not portable across countries, and consequently, much remains to be done in order to understand the impact of different institutional features on capital structure choices.Emerging markets provide a challenge to existing models that need to be reformulated to accommodate the characteristics of these markets. This study contributes in this direction by taking into consideration the particularities of an emerging Latin American Economy.     

How Risky Are U.S. Corporate Assets?

We use market data on corporate bonds and equities to measure the value of U.S. corporate assets and their payouts to investors. In contrast to equity dividends, total corporate payouts are highly volatile, turn negative when corporations raise capital, and are acyclical. At the same time, corporate asset returns are similar to returns on equity, and both are exposed to fluctuations in economic growth. To reconcile this evidence, we argue that acyclical but volatile net repurchases mask the exposure of total payouts' cash components to economic growth risks. We develop an asset pricing framework to quantitatively illustrate this economic channel.