知识共享导向的人力资源管理研究

知识经济时代，知识是企业获得竞争优势的核心要素。而人是知识的载体，如何促使员工进行知识共享，使知识从个体层面上升到组织层面，实现知识的高效利用是知识管理活动的核心工作。本文通过介绍知识共享内涵，知识共享与人力资源管理的关系，综合学者的实证研究结论探讨促进知识共享的人力资源管理措施。     

跨国内部社会认知维度对母子公司间知识转移绩效的影响

在今天这个经济发展日新月异的时代，跨国公司越来越成为推动全球经济发展的引擎。如今，有效的知识转移已经成为跨国公司竞争优势的重要来源之一，只有通过组织间的知识转移，才能推动组织对知识进行高效管理，实现组织的经济与竞争价值。本研究将基于企业社会资本理论中的认知维度，研究跨国母子公司间形成的认知维度对内部知识转移绩效的作用机制，从而探索母子公司在知识转移过程中的内部认知维度作用。     

跨国内部社会认知维度对母子公司间知识转移绩效的影响

在今天这个经济发展日新月异的时代,跨国公司越来越成为推动全球经济发展的引擎.如今,有效的知识转移已经咸为跨国公司竞争优势的重要来源之一,只有通过组织间的知识转移,才能推动组织对知识进行高效管理,实现组织的经济与竞争价值.本研究将基于企业社会资本理论中的认知维度,研究跨国母子公司间形成的认知维度对内部知识转移绩效的作用机制,从而探索母子公司在知识转移过程中的内部认知维度作用.     

基于社会网络的企业知识吸收能力研究分析

目前研究社会网络对企业吸收能力影响已逐渐成为了一个研究趋势。本文列出了现今主要的研究文献及其研究角度。在此基础上,分析总结出了以往研究的进展以及以往研究存在的局限性。最后,对社会网络和企业知识吸收能力的未来研究进行展望。     

企业知识的分布式特征与共享机制的构建

知识已成为企业日益重要的生产要素,而有效的知识管理以企业知识的分享为基础。企业知识的分布式特征带来了企业未来知识状态的不确定和相应的管理行为的不确定性;主体能力因素、制度文化因素和技术媒介因素能够影响企业知识分布式共享,而企业分布式知识共享机制的建立是企业知识、企业员工、企业组织和企业技术等方面要素的系统整合过程。     

基于行为博弈的知识共享动力分析

知识共享是知识管理的关键环节之一,如何营造一个良好的知识共享氛围决定了知识的质量和利用效率,从而决定了组织和企业的竞争力。为了提高知识共享的质和量,在共享的过程中必然要重视学习型组织的形成。本文运用行为博弈论的相关理论探索了知识共享的内在动力,利用博弈者相互的善意效用和公开博弈历史等概念分析了如何进一步从内部驱动知识共享,并在分析结果的基础上在提出了三点可行建议。     

村镇银行社会网络对经营绩效影响实证研究

村镇银行是为增加农村金融供给、填补空白和引入竞争解决现有农村地区金融服务缺位问题而在农村设立的金融机构。本文通过村镇银行社会网络对经营绩效影响的实证研究,结果表明:社会网络对隐性知识共享具有显著的正向影响;隐性知识共享对核心竞争能力培育具有显著的正向影响;核心竞争能力对于村镇银行经营绩效具有正向影响。隐性知识共享在社会网络与核心竞争能力之间承担完全中介的作用,而核心竞争能力在隐性知识共享与村镇银行经营绩效之间承担着部分中介的作用。     

企业内部知识流动行为及其影响因素研究

知识流动的过程同时也是企业技术核心能力提升的过程。结合知识流动网络结构模型,分析了企业内部知识网络构成,阐述了企业内部网络知识流动的特征。从结点和子网两层次分析了知识流动行为的微观机理:结点间的知识流动使知识得以在网络中共享和扩散,结点与子网间知识的循环流动形成子网知识增量,子网间的知识流动最终提升企业的技术核心能力。企业内部知识网络知识流动行为主要受知识主体、知识受体、知识距离三方面因素的影响。     

浙江民营企业社会资本状况调查——对浙江省278家企业的调查

社会资本对企业而言是一个不可缺少的重要因素,研究企业社会资本对于认识浙江民营企业发展有重要意义。从信任、网络两个维度来构建企业社会资本的二维分析模式。通过社会调查方法,调查浙江民营企业社会关系网络构成、密度和声誉状况来分析浙江民营企业社会资本状况。     

博弈技术分析及在银行知识管理中的应用

作为知识社会的新的管理方式,知识管理有助于提高我国商业银行的综合竞争力.本文运用博弈论的方法,分析了商业银行知识管理中的隐性知识共享问题,指出客户经理间的长期合作和相互信任是合作的重要基础,并提出了相应的改善隐性知识共享的策略.     

Accounting for African migrants in Naples, Italy

The increasing interest in international migration and the African dimensions of that migration in Europe has received considerable attention by scholars recently. Accounting has been largely absent from contributing to that research. In this article, I address how the limits of a managerialist social accounting of African migrants in Naples, Italy might offer useful insight into the social and economic dimensions of irregular African migrants working in the city's underground economy. To do this, I employed the methods of anthropology and ethnographic study. In a case study of a social audit introduced by a public transit company to control petty crime, I examine how that audit produced an excess knowledge about African migrants that extended beyond it procedural purpose. Beyond the limits of its structure it revealed significant knowledge about the informal economies of remittances sent to Africa.     

Embodied uncertainty: living with complexity and natural hazards

In this paper, we examine the concept of embodied uncertainty by exploring multiple dimensions of uncertainty in the context of risks associated with extreme natural hazards. We highlight a need for greater recognition, particularly by disaster management and response agencies, of uncertainty as a subjective experience for those living at risk. Embodied uncertainty is distinguished from objective uncertainty by the nature of its internalisation at the individual level, where it is subjective, felt and directly experienced. This approach provides a conceptual pathway that sharpens knowledge of the processes that shape how individuals and communities interpret and contextualise risk. The ways in which individual characteristics, social identities and lived experiences shape interpretations of risk are explored by considering embodied uncertainty in four contexts: social identities and trauma, the co-production of knowledge, institutional structures and policy and long-term lived experiences. We conclude by outlining the opportunities that this approach presents, and provide recommendations for further research on how the concept of embodied uncertainty can aid decision-making and the management of risks in the context of extreme natural hazards.     

基于保险业务流程的知识管理问题——以团体健康保险新契约核保业务流程为例

保险行业是一个流程导向性的行业,也是一个高度知识密集型的行业。保险公司员工需要在某个专业领域多年的知识积累,包括流程知识、业务领域的技术、复杂问题的应急能力等经验知识,这些都是为了高效地完成工作。而这些类型的知识普遍存在于人们的大脑中,并且具有不稳定易变的特征,所以迫切地需要挖掘这类知识,并进行知识共享。保险公司的运行...     

知识的重要性和知识管理

如今,西方国家主要是以服务为基础,信息和知识十分宝贵。许多公司雇用首席知识官来进行知识管理,即系统地组织、计划、调度、监控和部署人员、技术、工艺,以及一个可以一起创造、共享、鉴定的环境,以实现战略目标。本文集中解释了知识和知识管理的重要性,并就关键问题进行总结。     

The effects of personal information management capabilities and social-psychological factors on accounting professionals’ knowledge-sharing intentions: Pre and post COVID-19

Given the increased emphasis on individual factors in knowledge management research, this study proposes a research model that examines the effects of personal information management capabilities and social-psychological factors on the knowledge-sharing intention of accounting professionals. The survey results from 136 accounting professionals reveal that both personal information management capabilities and perceived image can positively influence knowledge-sharing behavior. Conversely, reciprocity and loss of knowledge power do not exhibit a significant role in knowledge-sharing intentions. The comparison analyses between pre- and post-COVID-19 sample groups indicate similar results for the hypothesized relationships while there are notable mean differences in knowledge sharing intention, image and information processing capabilities. This study extends current research by incorporating personal information management capabilities to examine the power of the “individual” in knowledge sharing and offers timely evidence of accounting professionals’ personal knowledge management practices during the period of COVID-19. This study raises implications for researchers and practitioners interested in knowledge management in the accounting profession.     

“关系”理论及其在企业研究中的应用

中国是一个讲究关系的社会,其”关系”内涵丰富且复杂,不同于西方一般意义上的涵义。本文梳理了”关系”及其相关理论以及这些理论在企业研究中的应用现状,发现”关系”在企业的研究主要体现在企业与其外部的关系上,如政治关联和社会资本,而企业内部的”关系”主要从人口特征变量的相似与否来研究,集中在组织行为学领域。绝大部分学者都认同关系、基于关系的信任、由关系构成的社会网络和社会资本对企业发展是必不可少的要件,并得出了一些一致的结论。最后本文还提出了”关系”在企业研究中可能的研究方向。     

Actions towards the joint production of knowledge: the risk of salmon aquaculture on American Lobster

Joint production of knowledge (JPK) is said to facilitate proactive mitigation of risks in marine resource management. However, lack of consensus on who should be involved, when it is happening and the exact mechanisms of sharing knowledge has precluded the development of an effective implementation framework. Here, we explore one approach to building a post-normal science, one that both includes local ecological knowledge and bridges scientific silos. We first identify several actions of knowledge production and then provide an Atlantic Canadian case study, drawn from an assessment of the impact of aquaculture on American lobster, to illustrate necessary actions on the road to JPK. Key actions include theorizing relationships, agreeing on key concepts, specifying, and interpreting required data, identifying principles and making evaluations. We fill a lacuna in the JPK literature by: first, defining knowledge as the result of a set of actions; second, using knowledge generating actions to explore how different knowledge sets come together to contribute to JPK; and third, identifying how knowledge actions can facilitate or inhibit JPK. We conclude that this list of the essential actions of knowledge production is necessary to the successful development of alternative approaches to risk.     

Facilitating knowledge flow through the enterprise

This paper is concerned with the issues we encountered when attempting to achieve enterprise level knowledge reuse. We present three pilot studies where new visualization techniques were used to allow manufacturing and service operations take advantage of engineering knowledge embodied in 3D models. Though all these studies showed dramatic productivity increases, only one business unit from the studies is currently working to achieve the reuse. There are a number of reasons why this is so, but the key underlying theme is a lack of enterprise level commitment to knowledge sharing and a lack of an adequate knowledge architecture for sharing knowledge across organizational boundaries. We conclude with an approach for facilitating knowledge flow across functional units. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Social capital and management control systems: A study of a non-government organization

In this paper we use the concept of social capital to outline a distinctive approach to understanding the interplay between management control systems and the development of social connections in and between organisations. Social capital provides a comprehensive framework for examining the nature of social connections through its focus on both structural networks (bridging) and interpersonal relationships that predispose individuals towards mutually beneficial collective action (bonding). In doing so, social capital provides a means of considering how individuals react to management control systems in terms of the social ties that exist both within the organization and external to the organization. Using a case study of a non-government organization, we show how social capital is implicated in efforts to attract economic capital and cultural capital. We demonstrate how elements of a management control system can either enhance or inhibit the bonding and bridging dimensions of social capital with potential consequences on both economic and cultural capital. We highlight the mixed and sometimes contradictory effects of management control systems on social capital, and provide a powerful illustration of the role of management control systems in brokering alliances and bridging structural holes.     

Choosing project risk management techniques. A theoretical framework

The pressure for increasing quality while reducing time and costs places particular emphasis on managing risk in projects. To this end, several models and techniques have been developed in literature and applied in practice, so that there is a strong need for clarifying when and how each of them should be used. At the same time, knowledge about risk management is becoming a matter of paramount importance to effectively deal with the complexity of projects. However, communication and knowledge creation are not easy tasks, especially when dealing with uncertainty, because decision-making is often fragmented and a comprehensive perspective on the goals, opportunities and threats of a project is missing. With the purpose of providing guidelines for the selection of risk techniques taking into account the most relevant aspects characterising the managerial and operational scenario of a project, a theoretical framework to classify these techniques is proposed. Based on a literature review of the criteria to categorise risk techniques, three dimensions are defined: the phase of the risk management process, the phase of the project life cycle and the corporate maturity towards risk. The taxonomy is then applied to a wide selection of risk techniques according to their documented applications. This work helps to integrate the risk management and the knowledge management processes. Future research efforts will be directed towards refining the framework and testing it in multiple industries.