中央政府监管下的地方公债融资制度构想

作者认为,地方公共品需求的扩大和财政收支压力提出了地方政府债务融资的问题,而监督地方政府的民主机制建设落后,我国现阶段赋予地方政府独立举债权尚不现实,目前只能采取渐进式过渡性的办法--建立中央政府监管下的地方公债制度,以中央监管代替民主监督来解决地方政府在公共产品供应上资金不足的问题.据此,本文提出了中央政府监管下的地方公债制度构架及相关配套的改革建议.     

Capacity,sustainability, and the community benefits of municipal utility ownership in the United States

ABSTRACT

Most literature on utility sustainability focuses on internal operations; this misses the role that utilities could play within a community. This study measures the impact of municipal ownership of water and electric utilities on the sustainability policymaking of local governments. I find that municipalities with government-owned water utilities adopt more sustainability measures than those with investor-owned service. Similarly, municipally-owned electric utilities have higher levels of energy sustainability in the community, but not in government operations. The utilities provide fiscal and technical capacity to municipalities. Interdepartmental coordination also strongly predicts sustainability policymaking. This study brings potential community benefits to the discussion of private investment in public service delivery.     

Inter-local relations and trans-scaling through finance in Poland

Inter-local cooperation is difficult to measure. In Poland, however, the data-set concerning financial transfers between local government budgets (one of the most popular quantitative measures of cooperation) has never been described in scientific literature. This paper aims at contributing to fill this gap. On the basis of the budget expenditures of all Polish local governments, we applied two research methods: OLS regression and Heckman two-stage regression. The results show that the decision whether to get into cooperation, and the decision on the extent of involvement are driven by different factors.     

Comparing Environmental Policy Instruments in the Presence of Imperfect Compliance – A Case Study

In this paper, we aim to include rule making, implementation, monitoring and enforcement costs into the cost comparison of policy instruments. We use a simple partial equilibrium model and apply it to the textile industry. The model includes discrete abatement functions and costly monitoring and enforcement. The case study uses individual firm data to simulate the differences in abatement costs and compliance decisions between firms. We compare combinations of regulatory instruments (emission taxes, emission standards and technology standards) and enforcement instruments (criminal fines, civil fines and transaction offers). We show that the inclusion of information, monitoring and enforcement costs indeed alters the relative cost efficiency of the different instruments.     

中国旅游业发展过程中政府主导绩效研究——基于政策效果的评估

作为"朝阳性产业"的旅游业,能否保持持续、稳定的增长与政府的指导和支持密切相关.改革开放以后,旅游业发展经历了三个阶段,每个阶段旅游产业政策的绩效各有侧重,应实行以市场配置资源、政府主导的旅游业发展格局,以促进旅游业的可持续发展.     

我国国债市场的金融功能与流动性分析

国债市场是货币市场的重要组成部分,在发达国家其金融功能已超越财政功能。我国国债市场由于流动性水平较低,难以执行宏观金融调控功能。为此,应当合理规划我国国债市场,并以提高其流动性水平为目标,拓展我国国债的金融功能。     

公共服务型政府构建模式研究

构建社会主义和谐社会,中国政府应该如何运用市场的方法来管理公共事务,提高公共行政服务的质量和效率,实现公共行政管理的现代化,是摆在国人面前现实而又紧迫的问题.根据政府服务职能的定位,构建公共服务型政府模式应做到以顾客或市场为服务导向,实现公共服务职能的市场化、社会化和法治化.     

我国区域旅游合作中的政府间博弈

区域旅游合作过程的实质是不同开发主体之间反复博弈的过程。政府作为旅游开发的主导力量，其跨区域旅游合作目的在于实现地区利益的最大化。因此，区域旅游开发在政府之问的合作机制实质上就是区域之间行政利益的博弈过程，“博弈均衡”的最终结果将促成区域旅游合作制度框架的建立。     

政府干预与我国会展业的发展

改革开放以来，我国政府支持和参与培育出一批有影响的品牌展会，会展活动获得迅猛发展。展会数量逐年攀升，各地展馆建设热情不减。随着会展法律法规的不断完善，展会国际化进程逐步加快。我国政府充分重视会展活动的发展及其独特作用。首先，会展活动对相关产业的联动效应；其次，对区域经济积极的推动效应；最后，展会活动对城市知名度有着显著的提升效应。     

论政府包办型生态建设补偿机制的低效性成因及应对策略

政府主导型生态建设的资金投入通过政府委托代理链最终到达“种树人”环节。由于链条本身存在重复性大规模剥蚀资金的缺陷,当资金到达最终环节时,往往因数量的大幅减少而陷入高成本低收益困境。即使那些能够到达最终环节的资金,也会因补偿机制的不适当而缺乏效率。如何克服这种由政府包办而形成的低效率补偿机制?基本途径是让资金运动绕开政府委托代理链,直接到达最终环节,实行治理成果与补偿机制直接挂钩的激励与约束机制。