国家治理现代化背景下企业社会责任实践创新——兼论突发性重大公共危机治理的企业社会责任实践范式

企业是推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的重要微观市场主体，如何通过企业社会责任实践参与和推动社会治理创新，应对和解决突发性社会公共问题，成为国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的重要议题。从企业社会责任治理模式、实践议题、实践主体、实践范式等方面阐述国家治理体系与治理能力现代化导向下的企业社会责任转向。更进一步地，以新型冠状病毒疫情应对为例，深入阐述在特大型公共危机治理过程中，企业如何通过社会责任实践参与重大公共危机治理的多元范式（基于传统个体型的原子式、基于供应链的价值链式、基于战略联盟的联动式，以及数字化平台经济时代基于平台企业主导的商业生态圈与基于公共治理平台主导的社会生态圈等5种范式）推动治理主体、治理过程以及治理手段与工具优化创新，从而为企业助力国家治理体系与治理能力现代化提供理论和实践启示。     

Governance of ecosystem services trade-offs in peri-urban landscapes

Peri-urban landscapes (PULs) are specific transitional forms of urban landscapes undergoing dynamic land-use changes. PULs’ transformations are driven by close and significant influence of an urban core, cross-administrative boundary character, and diversity of governance actors. PULs have significant potential to provide ES and respond to the urban and peri-urban demand for ES, but they are also particular contexts where significant and different ES trade-offs can occur. Majority of existing forms of governance are not able to deal and address such trade-offs, which thus call for more innovative and effective governance approaches and mechanisms, aimed at achieving ES synergies and reducing ES conflicts.This paper discusses the characteristics of PULs in the context of governance questions related to the management of ES trade-offs in the urban peripheries. The drivers of ES trade-offs are presented and different trade-off relationships between and within the main ES types are analyzed. The paper drafts a way forward from the current state-of-the-art related to governance of peri-urban ES trade-offs by providing recommendations for more effective governance that would address these trade-offs. Due to the very dynamic character of PULs, it is difficult to manage land-use changes and ES trade-offs. Hence, the governance approaches need to be adaptive and integrative at multiple levels, while engaging diverse actors to balance ES trade-offs that have mixed urban and rural character.     

Using a Delphi approach to identify the most efficacious interventions to improve Indonesia’s forest and land governance

Improvements to forest and land governance are key to addressing deforestation and degradation of peatlands in Indonesia. While this is a priority area, the steps to achieving good forest and land governance have been under-researched. There is a need for better links between theoretically informed academic analysis and work in the field. This study drew together a panel of experts on forest and land governance using a Delphi method to discuss the underlying drivers of deforestation and peatland degradation, and correspondingly, to identify interventions to improve land and forest governance in Indonesia. Seventeen panelists with an average of more than 12 years’ experience reached agreement over four governance interventions: increasing the capacity of local communities to manage and monitor forests and natural resources (65% of panelist’s votes); identify strengths and weaknesses of community organisations and institutions, and develop strategies to improve their performance (65% of panelist’s votes); gazetting forests to clarify land boundaries and determine which areas should be village, community and state forest zone (59% of panelist’s votes); and, integrating participatory community maps into spatial plans to protect local communities and indigenous peoples’ development needs (53% of panelist’s votes). They also supported action research involving the government, private sector and communities, and political economy approaches to researching forest and land governance issues. Panelists indicated that community level approaches such as securing community forest tenure through clarifying land claims and integrating local land tenure into spatial planning had an important role in sustainable forest management.     

科研诚信问题成因分析及治理

科研诚信是科研工作者应该遵循的基本原则，关系到一个国家科学事业的良性发展和社会有序运行。近年来，由于学术不端、科研失信事件频发，科研诚信问题成为科学界的关注焦点问题之一。从科研诚信的历史、表现、成因以及治理对策4个方面进行研究发现，科研诚信问题表现形式多样，形成原因复杂。据此，提出对科研诚信问题采取宽容原则、加强诚信教育、培育同行评议文化、探索有制约的同行评议制度以及随机抽取代表作等治理对策，以最大限度约束科研不端行为。     

基于过程管理视角的开放式创新关系治理研究

开放式创新集价值创造与价值获取于一体，对于促进合作研发与创新成果转化具有积极作用。但是，创新主体间目标分歧、利益冲突等关系治理问题影响创新绩效与商业化成败，已成为制约开放式创新实践的主要障碍。基于“知识搜索→知识整合→商业化”的过程管理视角，考察了开放式创新关系治理问题的表现与产生机理，发现解决关系治理问题的关键是维护价值创造与价值获取间动态均衡，提出了以信任及关系规范为主体的关系治理机制理论框架，并从合作关系的内在规则与外在行为两个方面论证了关系治理机制的作用效果。     

技术创新视角下平台生态系统形成、融合与治理研究

为探索平台生态系统形成、融合及治理机制，从技术创新视角切入，以海尔HOPE平台生态系统和BuiltIn平台生态系统为研究对象，通过多级编码和案例研究，分析技术创新对两个平台生态系统形成及融合过程的作用与影响，并对两个平台生态系统治理机制进行分析。结果发现：①技术互补性、技术溢出效应及技术创新市场需求对平台生态系统形成有促进作用；②技术创新流动促进平台生态系统参与者间联系由单一方向转变为多边方向，从而强化平台生态系统融合；③平台生态系统治理包括合同治理和关系治理两个阶段，技术创新吸引及平台生态系统成员参与感的形成等，能够有效促进平台参与者关系交互和生态系统结构稳定。据此，提出平台生态系统管理启示。     

国防产业联盟协同创新网络政府治理：基于语义挖掘技术的策略向度研究

国防产业联盟发展的关键在于科学管理协同创新网络。政策注意力聚焦点反映政府治理创新网络的策略向度，不同政府层级间的注意力分布结构差异表明该策略向度的偏向性。通过人工构建主题词袋，计算主题词TF-IDF权值及余弦相似度，对中央和地方共96份政策文件、1 926份新闻文章进行规模化语义分析，整体评估政府治理国防产业联盟协同创新网络的策略适应性，并测量其在实施与宣传过程中的偏向性。结果发现，网络拓展是首要策略选择，网络管理方式为引导而非参与，关系耦合度低，网络愿景策略运用有限。地方政府在实施过程中出现了策略偏异和策略调整；政策宣传更接近地方政府的策略向度。     

Drivers of innovation in groundwater governance. The links between the social and the ecological systems

Global groundwater overexploitation positions groundwater governance as a critical issue for improving sustainable water management. Evidence of aquifer recovery after overexploitation is scattered, as is the research on the drivers behind recovery. The Fuencaliente Aquifer in Spain faced a tragedy of the commons situation, but after an innovative governance arrangement was implemented, the aquifer is gradually recovering. In this research, we identify the drivers that made possible the emergence and acceptance of such an arrangement using the social-ecological system framework. We identified external drivers such as market incentives and limited enforcement capacity of the water authority as the main factors that led to groundwater depletion, but we also found that these same drivers, under a new regulatory framework that reinforced monitoring and sanctioning capacities, are the basis for the effective recovery of the aquifer. Internal drivers such as the socioeconomic attributes of the users, their limited collective action and the power differences between traditional and commercial farmers are also critical in explaining the acceptance of the new governance arrangement. Even if these drivers are context-specific, we identified innovations that might be transferable and contribute to the literature on good practices in groundwater governance and management.     

A typology of actors and their strategies in multi-scale governance of wind turbine conflict within forests

Wind turbine construction, governed by complex multi-scale governance systems, can cause conflict between actors interested in forest management. We examined wind turbine conflicts in forests in two case studies, the state of Maine, USA and the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Specifically, we examined based on triangulation of documents, participant observation, and qualitative interviews with 46 actors how actors argued in favor of certain scales within the wind turbine multi-scale governance systems and how they applied scalar strategies within them. In this paper, we propose a typology that describes actor behavior within multi-scale governance systems. Seven different actor types within multi-scale governance were identified: the Knowledge Exchanger, the Linker, the Creator, the Maintainer, the Power Shifter, the Mobile Learner, and the Overwhelmed & Passive. Actors involved in wind turbine conflicts within forests re-shaped and re-defined the governance system by their actions in the conflict process. However, not all actors could equally participate in scalar strategies. Therefore, only some actors had advantages in re-shaping the governance system according to their interests.