Notes on some present day Questions regarding Mortality

Abstract

In the absence of any definite development of actuarial science in Great Britain which would be a suitable subject for this paper I considered that the most useful course would be to discuss some of the problems which are at present exercising my own mind, and no doubt the minds of many of my colleagues. Probably, many of these questions are akin to others which arise in other countries, so that their discussion at a meeting such as this may prove of mutual interest, while even if they are peculiar to ourselves, a disclosure of our doubts and difficulties will indicate the directions in which future developments may be expected. I must, however, emphasize that any views expressed are purely personal, and do not in any way pretend to represent a consensus of British actuarial opinion. Throughout this paper only Ordinary (as opposed to Industrial) business in considered.     

刍议人类历史科技发展单一性的尴尬

创造性劳动使人类最终脱离动物,科学技拓展了人们认识世界改造世界的能力,但科技在引领人类走向快乐新世界的同时,也将人类引入战争、灾难与道德失效的困境,究其原因,人类在发展一种技术时忽略了其制约技术的开发。     

Urban recreation research: An overview

Despite the fact that the population of the United States ha shifted from largely rural to largely urban in this century, the commitment to research in recreation, inadequate as it is, has remained in the hinterlands. There is no critical mass of recreation researchers focusing on urban recreation as there now is focused on outdoor recreation. Urban recreation studies have been noncumulative in nature due to the wide range their sponsors, staff, substantive topics, lack of generalizability, and inevitable tensions between practitioners and researchers. Ironically, urban recreational research, and support of it, has diminished in this country at the same time that there has been an increasing concern for such information and knowledge. The future looks bleak insofar as the development of a strong, major, national urban recreation research program is concerned.     

20世纪前期买办职业收入分析

20世纪前期，买办的职业报酬制度达到成熟和完善。买办的职业收入主要由薪金和佣金构成，还有一部分被外商默许的暗中收入。佣金是多数买办的主要收入，是买办经纪人身份的体现；薪金是买办与外商雇佣关系的一种象征。买办收入的复杂挂还在于不同行业的买办收入来源不一，且差距较大。     

Rio plus Ten: Politics,Poverty, and Environment

The purpose of this paper is to contrast the work of Douglass North and Karl Polanyi regarding financial institutions associated in market economies. Both implicitly acknowledge the synergy between public and private financial markets, which can serve to solidify an alliance between wealth holders and the state, potentially at the expense of “sociery” at large. This alliance may stimulate growth, according to North, as well as impose the strain of the market, according to Polanyi. Taken together, these insights undercut the classical story of the neutral role of money, as well as the notion of a clear distinction between public and private, politics and markets.     

‘Amsterdam is Standing on Norway’Part I: The Alchemy of Capital,Empire and Nature in the Diaspora of Silver, 1545–1648

In the first of two essays in this Journal, I seek to unify the historical geography of early modern ‘European expansion’ (Iberia and Latin America) with the environmental history of the ‘transition to capitalism’ (northwestern Europe). The expansion of Europe's overseas empires and the transitions to capitalism within Europe were differentiated moments within the geographical expansion of commodity production and exchange – what I call the commodity frontier. This essay is developed in two movements. Beginning with a conceptual and methodological recasting of the historical geography of the rise of capitalism, I offer an analytical narrative that follows the early modern diaspora of silver. This account follows the political ecology of silver production and trade from the Andes to Spain in Braudel's ‘second’ sixteenth century (c. 1545–1648). In highlighting the Ibero‐American moment of this process in the present essay, I contend that the spectacular reorganization of Andean space and the progressive dilapidation of Spain's real economy not only signified the rise and demise of a trans‐Atlantic, Iberian ecological regime, but also generated the historically necessary conditions for the unprecedented concentration of accumulation and commodity production in the capitalist North Atlantic in the centuries that followed.     

挖掘地方历史文化资源，增进高职思政课教学有效性——以广州为例

地方历史文化资源对高职思想政治理论课建设具有重要价值。广州拥有丰富的近现代史资源、爱国名人文化、平实厚重、敢为人先的岭南传统文化等。对此加以开发，使之融入课堂、建设实践教学基地，开展有针对性的主题活动，是增进高职思政课教学有效性的有益途径。     

URBAN HISTORY AND THE FUTURE OF AUSTRALIAN CITIES

Urban growth is a major theme in economic development and a policy imperative for developed countries that seek to create sustainable cities. We argue that the past weighs heavily on the ability of societies to sustainably manage urban environments. The policy implications of urban history are revealed in comparisons of cities across times and between places. The special issue presents some of the best recent work on the economic and social history of Australian cities. We aim to encourage historians to incorporate urban variables into studies of historical processes and to persuade policymakers to consider historical trends in their analysis.     

马克思"世界历史"理论研究的现实意义

近代以来，中国始终面临着两个重大课题：一个是如何实现国家独立，一个是如何实现现代化，对这两个重大课题的科学回答离不开对马克思“世界历史”理论的研究。认识到民族独立与现代化的一致性，以及认识到社会主义与经济全球化的一致性，是百多年来中国人民在探索发展道路进程中的两次理论自觉。社会形态的局部跨越与现代性的内在超越构成了中国发展道路的两个基本规定，中国特色社会主义道路需要在唯物史观的指导下，从经济全球化的历史趋向性中加以认识和把握。     

中国经济思想史学会第十三届年会综述

本文介绍了中国经济思想史学会第十三届年会的主要议题,时与会代表围绕会议主题所提交论文的学术观点以及所进行的学术讨论进行了概括性和综合性的介绍与总结.