创业团队成员信任对社会网络与企业创新能力关系的影响

本文通过对吉林省112家有效样本企业进行调查,将社会网络细分为内部社会网络和外部社会网络,在创业团队的定义下检验了社会网络与信任对新创企业创新能力的影响。研究结果表明,内外部社会网络都会对企业创新能力产生积极影响,而团队成员之间的信任则作为调节变量影响两者之间的关系。创业团队成员之间的信任越高,越有利于知识、信息的传播与交流,内部社会网络对企业创新能力的积极影响越大;但却易产生"非我发明症"现象,导致外部社会网络对企业创新能力的积极影响越小。     

Trust and development

In this paper we examine linkages between social trust and economic development using, for the first time, a panel of data. We confirm earlier cross-sectional studies finding that trust is a significant factor in development and also show for the first time that trust significantly interacts with both investment in physical and human capital. We provide a robustness analysis of our results via a set of jackknife experiments on our main equations, and the trust coefficients and interactions are very tightly distributed, indicating that the results are not highly sample dependent. We also consider whether trust directly influences investment and find that in a panel framework it does not unless we allow for a trust–education interaction in the investment equation.     

过渡期产业群的演化与政策启示——以浙江永康五金产业群为例

当前我国产业集群正处于过渡时期,市场机制的完善提高了市场交易主体间扩展信任水平,从而降低基于扩展信任的交易费用水平。随着集群规模不断扩大,理性的企业会选择更多地与传统集群外有竞争力的企业进行交易,从导致产业集群由以血缘与亲缘等为纽带的传统集群向基于扩展信任的现代集群演进。本文以浙江永康五金产业群为例对此进行了分析,提出了产业集群发展的几点方略。     

A theory of trust based systems of intermediation

Recent studies have analysed the economic benefits of belongingto high-trust networks and the biological foundations of individualtrust, but much scepticism remains regarding the precise roleof trust in economic transactions, as well as gaps between microand macro concepts of trust. This paper links individual andinstitutional trust by modelling the costs associated with accessingmarket, law and trust-based intermediation systems, and identifiesthe conditions under which one of the three systems may be moreadvantageous for rational actors, and thus more likely to emerge.The discussion concentrates on examples drawn from developmentpolicy to illustrate how the three systems operate together,and how the failing of the trust system affects the legal andmarket systems.     

Public and private sector auditors and accruals quality in English NHS hospital Trusts

To promote auditor independence and audit quality in English NHS Trusts the Audit Commission regulates auditor rotation, fees and the appointment of its own and private sector auditors. NHS sanctioned departures from GAAP, some of which allow the financial breakeven target to be achieved, have been criticised by the Audit Commission as detrimental to financial discipline. In this paper, we investigate the association between abnormal accruals and the achievement of financial breakeven in NHS hospital Trusts over the period 1998–2005. We also investigate the association between abnormal accruals, audit fees and the Trusts audited by public and private sector auditors. We find evidence that abnormal accruals are used to achieve financial breakeven and they differ across different types of auditor. We also identify a negative relationship between abnormal accruals and NHS Trust star ratings. These findings raise questions about the ‘quality’ of NHS audit where compliance with NHS-specific regulations overrides the wider GAAP-based requirement for financial statements to show a true and fair view and they warrant reconsideration of the nature of audit in NHS Trusts.     

Incremental approaches to establishing trust

We investigate cooperation using an incremental investment game in which the first-mover has the ability to make small, but increasing incremental investments in their counterpart. Our experiment is designed to test whether establishing trust in small increments is more effective than alternatives, including a one-shot investment game, a decrease only condition where the amount the first-mover sends to the second-mover must be less than the amount previously sent, and an unrestricted condition where the first-mover is not restricted by the amount previously sent. Although results were mixed, broadly, iteration affords greater cooperation than one-shot games and, when given the choice, participants seem to prefer to build trust gradually. Implications for institutional design are discussed.      

When punishment fails: Research on sanctions, intentions and non-cooperation

People can become less cooperative when threatened with sanctions, and previous research suggests both “intentions” and incentives underlie this effect. We report data from an experiment aimed at determining the relative importance of intentions and incentives in producing non-cooperative behavior. Participants play a one-shot investment experiment in pairs. Investors send an amount to trustees, request a return on this investment and, in some treatments, can threaten sanctions to enforce their requests. Decisions by trustees facing threats imposed (or not) by investors are compared to decisions by trustees facing threats imposed (or not) by nature. When not threatened, trustees typically decide to return a positive amount less than the investor requested. When threatened this decision becomes least common. If the request is large relative to the sanction then most trustees return nothing. If the request is small, trustees typically return the requested amount. These results do not vary with investors' intentions.     

制度递延逆反论——一个典型制度变迁的案例描述与推论

西方新制度经济学家在研究制度变迁时,忽视了一个十分重要的内容--制度递延,而制度递延对全面理解和衡量制度变迁的效率是非常重要的.本文通过对典型案例的观察,发现制度递延会产生逆反效应,即一项制度变迁后,社会文化环境出现严重的负面效应,从而部分抵制了制度变迁的积极作用,进一步扩展发现,在我国市场经济体制建立过程中,诚信面临巨大的考验.由此提醒:在推进社会主义新农村建设过程中,采取积极措施,最大限度地减少负面效应.     

团队成熟历程中成员间信任形态划分的方法创新探讨

信任作为构成团队成员互动过程的关键要素,国内外学者都给予了相当的关注.然而目前学者的研究更多的从静态截面来探讨团队信任,并没有考虑涉及时间维度的信任动态性.本文引入时间因素,动态地分析信任出现的时间段以及在此时间段内的信任类型,提出了一个动态的信任分析模型.     

Learning: The interface of quality management and strategic alliances

In this paper, we investigate the practice of quality management in strategic alliances. By employing a relational view of inter-organizational competitive advantage, the paper addresses the concept of quality management in strategic alliances and networks. We argue that institutional/network relationships influence the practice of quality within a network. In that regard, firms that have adopted quality management practices are more effective in managing and coordinating their interactions with other firms in the network, which results in their enhanced learning capability within the alliance.The proposed framework recognizes the role of trust and cooperative learning as critical factors that affect the success of strategic alliances. It has been argued that firms within an alliance need to achieve the paradox of control and learning. We examine the role of trust as a control mechanism in strategic alliances and address the importance of cooperative learning within alliances. Several hypotheses have been proposed and future research has been outlined.