全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8679篇 |
免费 | 463篇 |
国内免费 | 136篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 473篇 |
工业经济 | 587篇 |
计划管理 | 3208篇 |
经济学 | 1030篇 |
综合类 | 1220篇 |
运输经济 | 100篇 |
旅游经济 | 135篇 |
贸易经济 | 799篇 |
农业经济 | 803篇 |
经济概况 | 923篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 24篇 |
2023年 | 132篇 |
2022年 | 212篇 |
2021年 | 233篇 |
2020年 | 266篇 |
2019年 | 167篇 |
2018年 | 158篇 |
2017年 | 184篇 |
2016年 | 219篇 |
2015年 | 305篇 |
2014年 | 706篇 |
2013年 | 644篇 |
2012年 | 799篇 |
2011年 | 958篇 |
2010年 | 783篇 |
2009年 | 515篇 |
2008年 | 577篇 |
2007年 | 609篇 |
2006年 | 470篇 |
2005年 | 388篇 |
2004年 | 232篇 |
2003年 | 175篇 |
2002年 | 126篇 |
2001年 | 100篇 |
2000年 | 83篇 |
1999年 | 47篇 |
1998年 | 28篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 30篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有9278条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
This article examines non-farm employment in the context of Chinese rural institutional change, based on evidence from discrete-time logistic models for event history analysis using the Life History and Social Change survey. We find the transition to non-farm sector rose rapidly during the Great Leap Forward and market reform, while the Cultural Revolution saw it reach the lowest ebb. While male advantage prevailed exclusively during the Cultural Revolution and early marketization, education possessed a stable positive effect in all historical periods. Although the returns to different kinds of political capital vary along with institutional dynamics, intergenerational reproduction was greatly reduced after the Cultural Revolution. 相似文献
2.
[目的]通过深入研究黄土丘陵区贫困人口生计资本对生计活动的影响,为解决农村贫困问题,提升农户生计资本存量、实现区域可持续生计发展提供科学依据。[方法]文章以甘肃省榆中县为例,基于对榆中县农户的调查数据,采用熵值法分析了东北部山区、中部川区和西南部山区贫困人口的生计资本状况和生计活动方式,并对其生计活动进行评价。[结果]从农户的生计资本组合来看,榆中县整体自然资本和人力资本相对物质资本、金融资本、社会资本3类资本较为富裕,尤其在西南部山区和东北部山区3类资本缺乏型农户比例较高。中部川区各乡镇人口的总体生计资本状况较好,总指数最高,而西南部山区次之、东北部山区最低,两者生计资本状况总体匮乏。农户的生计活动主要以种植、养殖和外出打工为主,生计活动多样性程度偏低; 中部川区人口的生计活动多样性指数最高,西南部山区次之、东北部山区最低,且整体受教育程度偏低,加之物质资本、金融资本、社会资本缺乏进一步限制了当地农户的生计多样性。[结论](1)针对不同生计资本水平和生计活动多样性程度偏低的贫困地区,需要进一步发挥民族文化产业扶贫优势,开启地域产业扶贫新模式,打造地域无公害特色农业产业品牌,提高农户物质资本边际贡献; (2)发展小额信贷金融服务,改善农户金融资本存量,预防村际农户金融资本二元极化; (3)实施免费教育培训技能学习,打造教育培训脱贫示范村,提高人力资本存量,缓解贫困人口生计压力等提高经济发展水平的扶贫政策措施。 相似文献
3.
维护方式选择是维护管理中的重要工作之一,合理的维护方式既能达到保障设备的稳定运行,又能同时兼顾其它各个方面的要求。由于对维护方式的评价涉及多个部门、人员和属性,有些指标只是一个模糊的概念,因而采用模糊多属性群决策的方法对维护方式进行优先抉择。本文结合A公司的设备维护方式选择问题,尝试使用模糊多属性群决策折衷算法求解最佳的维护方式。 相似文献
4.
We investigate the effects of the 2008 New Zealand (NZ)–China free trade agreement (FTA) on exports from NZ to China, and real GDP per capita in NZ using the synthetic control method to estimate the counterfactuals. NZ exports to China were more than 200% higher in 2014 than what they would have had the FTA never been signed. NZ's food and live animals exports to China were more than 180% higher in 2014 than the counterfactual. Our counterfactuals indicate a small but negative effect of the FTA on NZ's real GDP per capita between 2009 and 2012. 相似文献
5.
This paper offers estimations for the Portuguese path of the Non‐Observed Economy (NOE), in the period 1970–2015, through two seminal approaches: monetary method and the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model. It is observed that the tax burden and social benefits are its main causes. Then, to get a more in‐depth understanding of the phenomenon, it provides a study of the Granger causality between the NOE and the official Gross Domestic Product (GDP), emphasizing the implications of the NOE on the Portuguese economy. Evidence has been found for the existence of bidirectional causality between the NOE and the GDP, suggesting that the formal economy affects the NOE, and conversely that the NOE affects the economic growth. 相似文献
6.
7.
林科军 《中国农业资源与区划》2018,39(6):128-135
[目的]通过分析2012年和2014年乌蒙山片区绿色减贫指数,评价该地区不同年份扶贫效果,这也为今后各项扶贫政策的实施提供理论参考。[方法]文章依据中国绿色减贫指数指标体系,从经济增长绿化度、资源利用与环境保护程度、社会发展能力和扶贫开发与减贫效果4个方面,以人均地区生产总值、单位地区生产总值能耗等27个因子作为评价指标,利用线性加权综合法分析2012年和2014年经济增长绿化度、资源利用与环境保护程度、社会发展能力和扶贫开发与减贫效果指标值,最终确定绿色减贫指数。同时,分析片区内各贫困县波动较大的第三产业增加值比重、单位耕地面积化肥施用量、城乡收入比和农村人均纯收入增长率等指标。[结果]2014年相比2012年,乌蒙山片区经济增长绿化度、资源利用与环境保护程度和扶贫开发与减贫效果指标值上升,社会发展能力指标值降低,绿色减贫指数提高了15.40%。各县第三产业比重均降低,但农村人均纯收入都有提高。四川省10个县单位耕地面积化肥施用量增加。四川省除叙永县和美姑县,贵州省除赤水市,片区内的各贫困县城乡收入比降低。[结论]2014年,乌蒙山区在落实国家扶贫规划上取得了较好的成效。但各县之间差距较大,在今后的扶贫攻坚中,需要从不同地区的实际情况出发,了解贫困类型和贫困程度,考察当地资源储备和环境现状,统筹区域发展。 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACTAs the engine of China’s economy, small enterprises have been the central to the country’s economic development. However, given the characteristics of the small enterprises loan (i.e., short borrowing period, large volume, small amount and incomplete information), it is extremely challenging for financial institutions to assess their creditworthiness. Thus, it seriously delays and restricts the financing access for small enterprises. In an attempt to relieve the financing difficulty of small enterprises, this article makes use of 687 small wholesale and retail enterprises in a regional commercial bank in China, to establish a credit rating indicator system composed of 17 indicators by using both partial correlation analysis and probit regression. It then utilizes TOPSIS together with fuzzy C-means to score the credit ratings of our sample of small enterprises. With the dual test of default discrimination and ROC curve, the prediction accuracy of the established indicator system has reached 80.10% and 0.917, respectively, indicating the robustness and validity of our credit rating system. 相似文献
9.
In this paper, we present a practical methodology for variance estimation for multi‐dimensional measures of poverty and deprivation of households and individuals, derived from sample surveys with complex designs and fairly large sample sizes. The measures considered are based on fuzzy representation of individuals' propensity to deprivation in monetary and diverse non‐monetary dimensions. We believe this to be the first original contribution for estimating standard errors for such fuzzy poverty measures. The second objective is to describe and numerically illustrate computational procedures and difficulties in producing reliable and robust estimates of sampling error for such complex statistics. We attempt to identify some of these problems and provide solutions in the context of actual situations. A detailed application based on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data for 19 NUTS2 regions in Spain is provided. 相似文献
10.
Yan Li 《Journal of Risk Research》2018,21(8):952-973
Public–private partnerships (PPP) have been widely used in China to procure public facilities and services. Complicated problems in PPP projects in China arise because of a variety of risk factors. A proper risk assessment model is needed to identify risks and provide risk response strategies for future Chinese PPP projects. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) method provides the ability to solve complex risk assessment of PPP projects. Current risk assessment models are limited to PPP projects in specific countries and do not consider unique risks in China, especially political, economic, social, and legal risks. This paper designed a risk evaluation index system for PPP projects based on the Delphi expert investigation method, and then established an optimized risk evaluation model for PPP projects in China using the F-AHP method. The risks identified are confirmed by interviewing experts from Chinese local government departments, private enterprise, third-party intermediary consulting and regulatory agencies, and academic organizations. The results show that the risks that ranked among the top ten are closely related to China’s political and economic policies and relationships among stakeholders. It can be concluded that government authorities play a critical role in providing a favorable political, social, and economic environment and an effective institutional framework for PPP projects. Furthermore, it is also important to deal with relationships among stakeholders based on the public–private ‘win–win’ principle. This study provides risk response strategies, addressing key issues from eight aspects: an impeccable legal and regulatory framework; a central coordinating and regulating PPP authority; supportive governmental authorities; institutional capacity-building; favorable economic conditions and viability; community, partner, and moral accountability; clear division of responsibilities through contracts; and effective advisory management. These effective measures may be useful in reducing the adverse effects of risk for PPP projects in China. 相似文献