如何区别工业猪油与食用猪油

如何区别工业猪油与食用猪油工业猪油又称工业用动物油,是制造肥皂的重要原料,它的卫生指标不高,炼制也比改粗糙,甚至用死猪、瘟猪、地脚油均可炼制。由于动物油中的化学污染物、重金属含量高,所以是严禁食用的。猪油的另一个评价质量的指标是酸价,它是指油脂氧化后产生出的游离脂肪酸的多少,正常二级食用油的酸价为4。色拉油为0．3,酸价越低,油的质量越好。此次江西省赣州地区引起群众中毒的桶装工业猪油经化验,其重金属含量大都超标。如有机锡的含量,一般食品不得超过10mg/kg,而赣州地区查封的涌装猪油,有机锡含量最高达1460…     

转Bt基因棉籽仁中脂肪酸的分析

采用气相色谱法测定了 1 0个品系转 Bt基因棉籽仁的脂肪酸组成及其相对百分含量。样品所含主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸。其中亚油酸的相对百分含量最高 ,为 5 9.2 8%～ 65 .2 8%。与美国转 Bt基因棉籽仁及普通棉籽仁进行了对比 ,结果表明 ,脂肪酸组成一致 ,相应组分含量相近。     

气相色谱法测定三类氢化油脂反式脂肪酸的含量

通过气相色谱法对市售三类氢化油脂的反式脂肪酸含量进行了测定,方法的重复性好,最低检出限能够满足要求。结果表明,三类氢化油脂反式脂肪酸的平均含量方别为:人造奶油(0.70g/100g),植物奶油(0.36g/100g)和(1.12g/100g)。所测定的样品中,以C_(18)为主的反式脂肪酸中一烯酸和二烯酸含量较高,而三烯酸的反式甚微。     

高效液相色谱法测定CHP与有关物质含量

采用Shim-pack CLC-SIL(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,建立了高效液相色谱法以乙腈-Ⅰ为流动相进行分离(其中Ⅰ为配制的稀硫酸溶液),二极管阵列检测器在230 nm波长处检测,测定CHP含量与有关物质。进样体积为10μL,流速为1 mL.min-1。     

基于油田现状的表面活性剂微乳液驱探究

本文研究了阴-非离子型Gemini表面活性剂与烷基苯磺酸盐复配体系界面性能和乳化性能,并进行了微乳含量测定,确定最佳复配比为4:1,在此基础上根据形成微乳含量确定最佳助剂为正丁醇,进而根据界面张力优选出最佳微乳液配方:0.4%ANG7-Ⅳ-7与烷基苯磺酸盐4:1复配体系溶液/2%正丁醇溶液/原油。最后我们在低渗透油田岩心中进行不同类型微乳液驱油效果分析实验,该体系采收率达到47.3%,提高幅度最大,效果最好。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定蜂蜜中7种矿物元素的含量

为了快速直接测定蜂蜜中多种矿物元素的含量,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法建立了同时测定蜂蜜中钙、钾、镁、钠、锌、铁、铜7种矿物元素含量的方法,考察了方法的标准曲线线性关系、检出限、精密度和准确度,讨论了前处理方法、不同产地以及蜜源植物种类对各元素含量的影响。结果表明:线性相关系数达到0.999 9以上,方法检出限为0.003～0.030 mg/L,相对标准偏差低于2%,回收率为88.66%～105.31%;不同产地的洋槐蜜中,河北洋槐蜜的钙、钾含量明显高于其他地区,广西洋槐蜜的钠、铁含量最高;不同蜜源植物的蜂蜜中,河北枣花蜜的铁含量最高,野生蜜中各种矿物元素都较为丰富。电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法可以快速、同时测定蜂蜜中多种矿物元素含量,方法简便易行,结果准确可靠,可为蜂蜜品质鉴定以及人们对蜂蜜的合理选择提供参考。     

HPLC法测定石椒草中芦丁的含量

为了提升石椒草质量评价的效率,提出了用HPLC法测定石椒草中芦丁的含量。通过对流动相、检测波长、色谱柱、提取溶剂及提取时间等因素的考察,最终确定了HPLC法测定石椒草中芦丁含量的最佳测定条件,即采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-1%冰醋酸溶液(体积比为30∶70)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为257 nm,柱温为25℃。结果表明,芦丁进样量为0.093 34～1.166 75μg(R²=0.999 2)时与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系,精密度、重复性、稳定性试验的RSD均小于2%,平均加样回收率为99.49%,RSD为1.6%。所建立的测定石椒草中芦丁含量的HPLC法,结果准确可靠,供试品制备简便,且具有高灵敏度、高准确性,可为石椒草质量评价标准及质量控制提供数据支持。     

转化糖电解质注射液中乳酸钠含量的测定

目的:建立测定转化糖电解质注射液中乳酸钠含量的HPLC方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱条件:色谱柱:十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂的高效液相色谱柱;流动相为:水-甲酸-二环己胺(988:1:1);流速为1.0mL/min;进样量为20μl;柱温为28℃;检测波长为210nm。结果:乳酸钠在1.80～4.30mg/ml内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=120077X+254238,r=0.9999;平均回收率为100.07%,RSD为0.498%。结论:本方法操作简便,测定快速,结果准确可靠,不受其他成分的干扰,可用于转化糖电解质注射液的含量测定。     

示差折光-HPLC法测定舒血宁注射液中山梨醇的含量

现有检测方法在测定舒血宁注射液中的山梨醇含量时,存在着专属性不强、操作复杂等弊端。针对此问题,建立了示差折光-HPLC测定舒血宁注射液中山梨醇含量的方法。色谱柱为Carbomix Ca-NP 10:8%(7.8mm×300mm),以水为流动相,流速为0.5mL/min,柱温为80℃。结果表明:山梨醇在0.2~2.0mg/mL(r2=0.999 5)质量浓度范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,平均回收率(n=9)为99.9%。该方法简便,专属、重复性好,可作为舒血宁注射液中山梨醇含量的测定方法。     

舌尖上的反式脂肪酸

许多饮食品中有反式脂肪酸,那么,究竟什么是反式脂肪酸？对人类健康有什么危害呢？ 反式脂肪酸的前世今生 那是在第一次世界大战期间,很多国家的农业受到了打击,用来做糕点的动物油脂供应不足。美国的科学家利用氢化技术,让植物油具备动物油脂的功能     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.