上市公司公允价值计量与高管薪酬激励研究

新会计准则实施背景下,公允价值信息成为高管薪酬考评中不容忽视的新因素。以利润表中的"公允价值变动损益"作为公允价值的替代变量,研究我国上市公司公允价值计量对高管薪酬的影响。实证结果表明,公允价值变动收益(损失)与高管薪酬显著正相关(不相关);不同产权性质企业的公允价值变动损益对高管薪酬存在差异影响;公允价值变动损益对企业整体高管薪酬业绩敏感性影响不显著,我国上市公司高管薪酬激励机制有待完善。     

食品类上市公司高管薪酬与业绩相关性研究

本文以我国食品类上市公司为研究对象,从中国上市公司资讯网提供的食品饮料类上市公司名单中挑选三十家有代表性的公司作为样本,结合上市公司年报公布的数据,探讨了高管人员的薪酬与业绩之间的关系.通过分析,得出两者之间存在明显的相关性,即高管的薪酬能够和公司的业绩很好地挂钩.说明目前食品类上市公司的薪酬制度是很成功的,值得广泛的推广和采用.     

高管薪酬与企业绩效的相关性——以信息技术行业上市公司为例

在对我国信息技术行业上市公司的高管薪酬和企业绩效进行描述性统计的基础上,采用多元线性回归模型,对样本公司的高管薪酬与其绩效的相关关系进行分析。研究结果表明:信息技术行业上市公司的高管薪酬与每股收益和净资产收益率两个财务指标显著正相关,与其他业绩指标不显著相关;在非财务指标中,高管薪酬与资产规模、高管持股、股权集中度、地区等非财务指标相关。这说明,虽然我国上市公司已建立起基于绩效评价的薪酬激励制度,但业绩评价指标过于单一,薪酬激励制度有待完善。     

公司业绩、公允价值与高管薪酬关系的实证研究

文章选取2007—2009年上市公司作为样本全面考察公司业绩、公允价值与高管薪酬的关系。研究发现,高管薪酬的业绩敏感性存在不对称的特征,业绩上升时薪酬的增加幅度显著高于业绩下降时薪酬的减少幅度;同时,我们发现,公允价值收益对公司高管薪酬的影响显著为正,而公允价值损失对高管薪酬无显著影响,样本公司存在着对公允价值收益非理性激励而对公允价值损失惩罚乏力的"重奖轻罚"的不对称性现象,此外,研究还发现持有公允价值变动损益的公司高管比其他公司的高管薪酬相对要高,这些实证结果表明我国上市公司的薪酬契约是不完全的,薪酬激励机制仍有待完善。     

公允价值计量与高管薪酬契约

本文选取2007-2008年受新会计准则中公允价值计量属性影响的公司作为样本,考察企业财务业绩中公允价值变动损益与高管薪酬契约的关系。研究发现,总体而言,非金融行业上市公司总经理、董事长不需要为短期投资性资产(或负债)的损益承担责任,其货币薪酬与公允价值变动损益间不存在显著相关关系;财务总监负责企业资金运作,其货币薪酬与公允价值变动收益间显著正相关。进一步的证据表明,财务总监货币薪酬与公允价值变动收益间的敏感性要小于与正常经营活动营业利润间的相关性。上述发现表明,中国上市公司高管的薪酬制定区分了不同岗位高管的职责范围,以及财务业绩中不同组成部分的信息含量,这一发现与委托代理理论相一致,表明了薪酬契约的有效性。     

负债期限结构对高管薪酬-业绩敏感性的影响

本文以我国深沪两市2013年A股制造业上市公司为样本,通过构建模型实证分析负债期限结构对公司高管薪酬—业绩敏感性的影响。研究发现：负债期限结构对高管薪酬—业绩敏感性有显著影响,随着长期负债比例的增加,高管薪酬—业绩敏感性会增强;在非国有上市公司中负债期限结构对高管薪酬—业绩敏感性的正面影响并不比国有上市公司强。研究结果显示,在我国目前的制度环境下,负债期限结构虽然对高管薪酬激励发挥了一定的治理效应,但我国上市公司利用负债期限结构工具降低代理成本的做法还有待加强。     

管理者才能、公司控制力与高管薪酬——来自中国A股上市公司的证据

本文选取2007～2010年中国A股上市公司为样本,实证分析管理者才能、管理者和股东对公司的控制力与高管薪酬之间的关系。研究结果表明,管理者对公司的控制力虽然降低了薪酬业绩敏感度,但管理者才能却能提高薪酬业绩敏感度,而股东对公司的控制力与薪酬业绩敏感度之间则呈现倒U型关系;进一步分析发现,非国有上市公司中的大股东监督对薪酬业绩敏感度的替代作用比国有上市公司更强。     

高管薪酬与运气关系的非对称性研究

笔者以沪深两市2001年～ 2007年度的上市公司为样本,从管理层权力理论出发,实证研究了高管薪酬与运气(行业整体业绩变动)之间的关系,解释了经济不景气时期高管薪酬只升不降、升多降少的现象.研究发现:高管薪酬与运气正相关;区分行业整体业绩下滑与上升之后,发现高管薪酬与运气的关系呈现出非对称性,高管因为好运气(行业整体业绩上升)得到了额外的报酬,却躲避了坏运气(行业整体业绩下滑)对其的不利影响;且这种非对称性只存在于国有控制的公司,薪酬委员会的设立可以有效地抑制这种非对称性.上述结论支持高管薪酬的管理层权力理论,对完善我国上市公司薪酬契约的制定与执行有重要的指导意义.     

高管权力与企业薪酬变动的非对称性

本文从薪酬变动的非对称性,即薪酬尺蠖效应的角度研究上市公司高管与普通员工薪酬差距拉大的原因。研究发现,业绩上升时,公司高管获得了相比普通员工更大的薪酬增幅,而在业绩下滑时高管的薪酬增幅并没有显著低于普通员工;业绩上升时,高管薪酬业绩敏感性显著大于普通员工,业绩下降时,高管薪酬存在显著的粘性特征,普通员工薪酬并不存在粘性特征,而且业绩下降时高管薪酬业绩敏感性相比业绩上升时薪酬业绩敏感性的减少幅度显著超过普通员工薪酬业绩敏感性的减少幅度,这表明中国上市公司薪酬存在较为严重的尺蠖效应。     

我国民营上市公司内部薪酬差距与公司绩效的实证分析

本文以2010年沪深A股上市公司为样本,从薪酬差距角度研究薪酬业绩敏感性,通过将企业内部薪酬差距分为高管团队内部薪酬差距和高管与普通员工薪酬差距,对薪酬差距与企业业绩的敏感性进行分析。研究发现:我国上市公司的薪酬差距安排与业绩显著正相关;民营企业薪酬差距安排有更强的激励效果。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.