交通基础设施对制造业企业库存的降低效应研究--基于空间计量模型的实证分析

在理论分析交通基础设施对制造业企业库存成本降低效应的基础上,利用2002～2011年的中国省级面板数据,对该效应进行实证检验。结果表明：交通基础设施能够显著降低本省制造业企业库存成本,但对周边省份库存成本的影响具有不确定性。具体而言,铁路能够显著降低周围省份库存成本,即空间溢出效应显著为负;但公路显著增加周边省份库存成本,即空间溢出效应显著为正。     

绿色技术创新对碳生产率的空间溢出效应——基于地方政府竞争的调节作用北大核心

本文基于2011~2020年中国30个省(区、市)的面板数据,运用空间杜宾模型,实证检验了绿色技术创新对碳生产率的直接效应和空间溢出效应,同时检验了地方政府竞争的调节作用。研究表明:2011~2020年我国的绿色技术创新和碳生产率具有明显的空间溢出效应,绿色技术创新对本地区和相邻地区的碳生产率都具有显著的促进作用;地方政府竞争对绿色技术创新和本省域的碳生产率的关系具有正向调节作用,对绿色技术创新和相邻省域的碳生产率的溢出效应具有负向调节作用。     

人口、 经济、 产业城镇化对水资源消耗影响的动态效应及区域差异

以我国30个省份1998～2016年的时间序列数据和面板数据为研究对象, 利用VAR模型和面板数据模型分析人口、经济、产业城镇化因素对水资源消耗影响的动态效应与区域差异。研究结果表明： 水资源消耗受到自身的冲击作用最大, 省份的人口、经济城镇化程度高, 则对水资源消耗有负向冲击作用, 反之有正向冲击作用, 大部分省份的产业城镇化对水资源消耗均有正向冲击作用, 只有少数省份有负向冲击作用; 我国大部分地区的人口城镇化对水资源消耗都有负向影响, 东北地区影响最大; 而大部分地区的经济、产业城镇化均对水资源消耗产生正向影响, 其中东北地区的经济城镇化影响最大, 中部地区产业城镇化影响最大。     

资源型产业集聚、技术溢出与资源富集地区经济增长

本文在新经济地理的框架下构建资源型产业集聚、技术溢出与资源富集地区经济增长模型,运用2001～2011年山西、内蒙古、陕西和宁夏等4个地区的面板数据对模型进行估计。结果发现：随机效应表明资源型产业专业化空间集聚和资源型产业多样化空间集聚引起的技术溢出效应均对经济增长具有非常显著的促进作用;而固定效应模型表明资源型产业专业化空间集聚比资源型产业多样化空间集聚更能促进区域经济增长。为了更好地实现资源型产业集聚、技术溢出与资源富集地区经济增长,需要提升资源富集地区的区域竞争优势和专业化程度。     

物流产业集聚对制造业劳动生产率的影响机理研究——基于空间杜宾模型

本文利用2006~2015年我国30个省份（西藏除外）的面板数据,基于空间杜宾模型分析物流产业集聚对我国制造业劳动生产率的作用及空间溢出效应。结果表明,物流产业集聚、物流劳动生产率、外商直接投资、交通基础设施、地方政府投资等影响因素的直接效应与间接效应的方向与显著性均存在差异性。从总效应来看,物流产业集聚与地方财政支出均显著为正,是制造业劳动生产率提升的重要源泉。外商直接投资显著为负,一定程度上抑制我国制造业劳动生产率的提高。     

FDI对中国创业的空间外溢效应北大核心CSSCI

本文利用中国2002—2012年31个省份构成的平衡面板数据,采用空间滞后模型研究外商直接投资在省份内与省份间层面如何影响国内创业。研究结果表明:整体上,省份间创业存在正向的空间相关关系;省份内FDI的直接效应、省份间FDI的间接效应以及两者的总效应对省份内创业均表现出显著的倒U型关系,且省份内FDI对创业的影响大于省份间FDI,存在地方化现象。进一步分析发现,FDI与创业的倒U型关系依赖于各省份的技术水平、外资进入程度、科学技术支出和工资水平,这些因素能在一定程度上解释FDI对各省份影响效应的差异性。因此,在甘肃、黑龙江等欠发达省份,FDI规模距离门槛值较远,其对创业的促进作用十分明显,这些省份仍有扩大引进外资的必要性。而在北京、上海等发达省份,FDI规模靠近门槛值,其外溢效应不断减弱,应更多关注引进外资的质量,并通过简政放权释放政策红利来促进创业。此外,以创业活跃区域带动创业不活跃区域的富邻政策,是践行协调发展理念的有效途径。     

制造业服务化、创新集聚与高技术产业创新质量北大核心

为探究制造业服务化与创新质量的关系,本文以中国30个省(区、市)为研究区域,基于1997~2020年省级面板数据,构建空间计量模型和中介效应模型实证检验制造业服务化如何影响高技术产业的实质性、可持续及协同性创新。研究发现:制造业服务化会促进高技术产业创新质量的提升,存在明显的空间溢出效应,经过一系列稳健性检验后结论仍成立。此外,制造业服务化有异质性特征,不同细分行业的制造业有不同效应,其作用于创新质量的方向和程度有所差异。中介效应检验表明,创新集聚是制造业服务化促进创新质量的作用渠道。以上研究结论为创新质量的提升提供了来自制造业服务化和创新集聚的新视角。     

老龄化、产业结构与碳排放——基于独立作用与联动作用的双重视角

本文利用中国30个省市2005～2016年面板数据, 分别采用静态面板模型和门槛效应模型, 对老龄化、产业结构与碳排放三者之间的关系进行研究。静态面板模型结果表明, 东部地区老龄化、产业结构与碳排放的曲线关系均呈“N 型”, 西部区老龄化与碳排放之间呈现“N型” 曲线关系。门槛模型结果表明, 各地区第二产业产值比重的增加不利于降低碳排放, 但在不同的老龄化程度下, 产业结构对碳排放强度的影响效果存在显著的门槛效应。     

省际OFDI、出口贸易对全要素生产率的影响——基于空间杜宾模型的实证分析

中国地域辽阔,地区差异较大,研究省际OFDI、出口贸易对全要素生产率的影响需重视空间因素的作用。本文基于2005～2014年我国28个省份的面板数据,采用空间杜宾模型,实证分析OFDI和出口贸易这两个方面对全要素生产率的影响。结果表明,省际OFDI、出口贸易和全要素生产率均表现出空间集聚特征;OFDI与全要素生产率的增长呈负相关;出口对全要素生产率有显著的正向效应,并且通过空间溢出效应显著促进邻接省份全要素生产率的提升。因此,我国需重视技术寻求型OFDI的建设,充分考虑OFDI对国内经济增长的空间溢出影响,以期达到对外投资和出口贸易双实现技术溢出效应的效果。     

人口转变、技术进步和经济增长——来自空间计量模型的验证

本文使用1995～2012年的省级面板数据,构建了空间面板计量模型考察了人口转变、技术进步和经济增长之间的关系.结果发现:人口出生率、劳动力占比、人口增长率、少儿抚养比、老人抚养比等人口变量对人均经济增长的影响方向不一致,说明了人口转变对中国的经济增长的冲击处于一定的转折期,但是技术进步可以弥补这个阻碍作用,起到维持经济可持续发展的作用.此外,东部省份除了广东和福建之外对人均经济增长的作用均为负值,并且2004年是人口转变、技术进步和经济增长的空间计量模型估计结果的转折点.这意味着中国东部省份的产业转型和经济方式转变已经非常关键,在人口红利逐渐消失的情况下,要注意推进产业转型和发挥科技进步的作用.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.