我国大城市主城-郊区居住空间分异比较研究——基于GIS的南京实证分析

在对实证城市居住空间分异现状分析的基础上探寻城市居住空间分异影响因素及这些因素的作用机理。鉴于城市居住空间分异在主城及郊区等层面表现出不同的特征,文章运用GIS的空间分析方法分别对南京市主城区及郊区居住空间分异的现状进行比较分析。主要结论有:主城和郊区住宅板块在区位价值、容积率、绿化率、建筑年代、建筑面积等指标上都有差异存在,显示出主城与郊区居住板块之间在发展方式、成长规律、表现形式上的差异。随着居住郊区化和新城居住空间结构的变化,南京市城市居住空间结构表现出新的特征。文章选取我国副省级城市南京为实证研究对象,对我国住房转型期大城市居住空间分异现状进行个案研究,其城市居住空间分异的规律及结论具有一定的示范意义。     

城市居民居住区位选择微观机制的实证研究——以万科青青家园为例

随着我国城市住房分配制度的变革,居民由被动的接受住房转变为根据自己的偏好进行主动的选择,消费者在住房市场的主体地位得以确立。文章以“万科青青家园”为例,采用比奇的分异度指数和GIS分析方法,对购房者的社会属性特征、工作地、原居住地等微观因素与居住地选择的关系进行了研究。研究表明,在微观居住区位的选择上,具有相同社会经济属性的群体趋向于选择相同的居住区位,社会经济属性的作用和居住分异现象在居住区位选择中开始凸显;受房价和经济实力的约束,年轻型家庭居住区位的选择方向已向郊区外移;对于有子女的家庭来说,教育资源的丰富与否则是居住区位决策的重要因素之一;现工作地和居住地之间的通勤时间对居住区位的选择具有决定性的影响;家庭生命周期、原居住地、消费观念和信息搜寻等对微观居住区位的选择具有一定影响。     

基于住宅消费偏好的西安城市居住空间分异机制的研究

文章通过构建基于住房消费偏好的居住空间分异机制的理论模型推理得出:居住空间分异的程度取决于购房者对住宅区位特征的偏好特点及程度,并以西安为例进行实证分析,结果表明购房者对住宅区位类特征的总体偏好显著胜出,从而导致西安居住空间分异不断加剧;消费者对地块所处区域和周边环境质量的偏好胜过对地块距离市中心远近的偏好,因此西安居住空间分异结构以扇形和马赛克式为主,同心圆带状为辅。此外,研究还证明政府对居住空间分异的作用大于开发商的作用,要控制或削弱这种态势,必须依靠政府干预。     

从宏微观经济学角度浅析西安居住空间分异

城市居住空间分异（residential differentiation）是城市居民不同类型的居住场所在空间上的分割。对居住空间分异的研究最早源于20世纪初的古典人文区位学的空间理论，但真正将其纳入主流经济学研究框架的还是20世纪60年代新古典经济学派的空间理论。国外大量统计研究表明，决定现代工业化城市居住分异的主要因素包括社会经济地位和生命周期等。因此，城市居住空间分异必然和城市的经济发展，特别是房地产市场经济有很大关系。居住空间分异的形成受宏微观经济的影响，这一点已经达成共识。以经济学为切入点，对西安现在的居住空间分异格局进行剖析，希望能为分析西安房地产市场等提供科学的分析工具，并对全国范围内的古城改造提供借鉴和参考。     

西北内陆中心城市低收入人口居住空间及其社会效应——以兰州市为例

以兰州市各街道的低收入人口为研究对象,根据2013年6月进行的兰州市居民调查问卷和棚户区统计数据,借助Arc GIS10.0、SPSS平台,综合运用数理统计、反距离空间插值、主成分因子分析和聚类分析等方法,揭示兰州市低收入人口的属性特征、空间分布、聚居类型及社会效应。结果表明:在社会属性方面,低收入人口主要是低龄、低学历、下岗及退休、无职业且家庭结构较复杂人口;在空间分布方面,低收入人口"西高东低"分布不均衡,呈现"多中心"组团结构,"核心—边缘"特点明显;在聚居类型方面,可将其居住空间划分为原住型、流动型和移民型;在社会效应方面,带来空间分异、居住隔离、资源剥夺和公共安全等一系列社会问题,建议通过调整福利政策、倡导混合居住、拓宽就业渠道和加强规划引导等措施加以消解。     

中低价位住房区位选址综述

中低价位住房与一般商品房相比,其开发与销售更多考虑中低收入群体的货币支付能力。由于城市土地区位是影响住房价格的重要因素之一,因此在保证住宅建筑质量的前提下,中低价位住房往往将选址于区位条件相对较差的地区作为降低房价的重要途径。简要总结了国内外有关中低价位住房选址相关方面研究成果,从城市居住空间分异、住房选址及中低价位住房选址三个方面对国内外研究情况进行综述。     

构建我国城市和谐居住空间的对策思考

住房是一种阶层消费差异十分明显的商品。随着城市居民收入差距不断扩大和住房的商品化,中国城市出现日益加剧的居住分割现象。本文针对这一问题,基于和谐社会的理念,论述了收入差异分化下构建我国城市和谐居住空间的迫切性,对“大混居、小聚居”模式实施的可行性进行了探讨,提出操作对策,以促进社会和谐发展。     

中西方城市居住空间分异现象探究

一、我国城市居住空间分异的历史演变人类的居住模式同社会经济发展密不可分,也可以说人类总体的居住模式根本取决于社会生产力的发展水平。生产力决定了生产关系,生产关系决定了人们的生活模式和状态。在原始社会,由于生产力水平低下,人们自发形成各个部落,共同劳作,共同居住。到了奴隶社会和封建社会,由于社会资源逐步向少数人手上集中,社会等级分明,在居住形式上也就出现明显的差别,最具代表性的莫过于皇宫。《管子·大匡》中所描述的“凡仕者近宫、不仕与耕者近门、工贾近市”,表现出比较明显的居住空间阶层分异特征:府第区多近宫府衙门…     

基于GIS的西安城区居住空间分异特征分析

基于GIS空间分析方法,从区位、住宅价格、交通环线这3个方面分析了西安城区居住空间分异的特征,并提出了相应的规划应对策略.     

城市社会融合的中国实践及策略

基于中国城市居住空间的阶层分化、居住"类隔离"开始显现的现实,我们可以通过缩小贫富差距、建设合理的社会阶层结构,建立新型的混合居住模式,制定切实可行的住房政策,加强社区建设等综合措施,以促进城市社会的融合。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.