国防人力资本对国防工业企业产出贡献度的实证分析

本文主要研究国防人力资本对国防工业产出的增长效应,以及其对国防产出的贡献度.本文借鉴C-D生产函数、Lucas舶的人力资本模型以及二元经济理论,把国防人力资本作为影响国防工业产出的要素纳入到国防工业生产增长的实证分析模型中,从理论上分析国防工业企业中国防人力资本对国防工业产出的贡献度,用实证分析模型进行数理分析.通过分析国防工业产出增长与劳动力投入、物质资本投入、人力资本投入之间的关系,提出建立实证分析模型以及分析该模型的合理性及其现实意义,并建议加强国防工业企业中国防人力资本投入.     

科技进步对经济增长影响的路径变迁研究——以重庆市为例

利用Cobb-Douglas函数和时间序列数据测算出重庆市历年科技贡献度,并运用计量经济学和统计学方法对科技贡献度进行检验,据此判断重庆市科技进步对经济增长的影响是否存在明显的路径变迁。结果表明以1999年为转折点,重庆市科技进步对经济增长影响路径发生了显著变化,由被动支撑逐步进入主动引领经济增长的新时期。     

数字普惠金融、人力资本与包容性增长

本文利用2011～2021年30个省(区、市)的面板数据,就数字普惠金融对包容性增长的影响效应、地区异质性和传导机制进行实证检验。研究发现,数字普惠金融的发展能够从促进经济增长、提高收入水平和促进社会公平3个方面促进包容性增长。地区异质性结果表明,数字普惠金融的发展对东部地区的包容性增长水平的促进效果比中、西部地区更加明显。传导机制分析发现,数字普惠金融的发展通过提升人力资本质量来提高包容性增长水平,且数字普惠金融在人力资本程度较低的地区能够发挥更大的作用。基于以上研究结论,提出通过促进数字普惠金融发展和提高人力资本质量来加快实现社会包容性增长。     

科技进步对经济增长的贡献分析——基于我国东、中、西部地区的实证研究

科技创新是促进经济增长的源泉和转变经济增长方式的关键.本文运用索洛经济增长模型.实证考察了我国和东、中、西部地区的全要素生产率对经济增长的贡献.实证结果显示:改革开放以来我国经济的快速增长基本上属于"资本投入型"的经济增长;1992年以来全要素生产率增长率对经济增长的贡献度呈现出逐年递减效应;东部地区全要素生产率对经济增长的年平均贡献度高于中、西部地区.在实证基础上,得出相关的研究结论与政策建议.     

经济制度变革还是产业结构升级--论中国经济增长的核心源泉及其未来改革的重心

本文利用回归和结构计量分析方法对经济制度变迁、二元经济转型与经济增长之间的关系进行了计量，详细分析出各种因素对中国经济增长的贡献，证明了中国高速经济增长的核心因素不仅在于渐进式经济制度改革，而且得益于转轨的“后发优势”；二元经济转型引起的产业结构的升级无论从增长质量的改善上还是经济增长的边际贡献上都高于经济制度变迁；简单的资本非国有化改革在过去有弱化我国规模经济以及资本产出效率的作用，未来经济改革的核心应当从过去的所有制改革、市场化和开放化转向以二元经济转型为主导的产业结构调整之上。     

技术创新与城市经济增长波动——基于我国15 个副省级城市面板数据的实证研究

本文以熊彼特增长理论和经济周期理论为指导, 以我国 15 个副省级城市 2000～2017年的面板数据构建变截距模型和控制地区因素的变系数模型, 实证了城市技术创新对城市经济增长波动的影响,并分析其内在作用机制。 结果显示, 城市技术创新的波动与城市经济增长波动之间存在稳定的负向关系, 表明技术创新对城市经济增长波动具有熨平效应。 这种效应通过市场机制发挥作用, 由城市经济结构决定, 预示着持续的技术创新是获得城市稳定经济增长的关键, 调整优化经济结构是获得创新能力的有效途径。     

经济包容性增长水平的测度与评价--基于省级层面数据

根据包容性增长的基本内涵,本文构建了一套评价各省市包容性增长水平的指标体系,对1990～2012年中国30个省市经济增长的包容性水平进行了测度和简单评价。结果表明：自1990年以来,虽然中国各省市经济增长总体上日趋包容,但包容性水平较低,发展缓慢;各省市之间的包容性水平相差迥异,呈现出东高西低的趋势;弱势群体面临着各种经济权利的缺失和社会排斥,无法公平地参与到经济增长的进程之中,经济增长的成果被少数人占有,没有实现全民共享。因此,应通过构建合理的经济发展模式和制度安排,追求经济增长的包容性。     

相关多样化、无关多样化与地区经济发展——基于中国282个地级市面板数据的实证研究

经济全球化背景下,面对经济快速增长的内在要求和急剧变化的外部市场环境,如何调整产业结构以实现经济持续稳定发展是各地区面临的重要问题。本文以产业多样化影响地区经济发展的理论机制为基础,利用熵指标法将产业多样化分解为相关和无关两部分,以中国2003—2009年地级市面板数据为样本,从经济增长和经济稳定两个维度检验了相关与无关多样化对地区经济发展的影响,发现相关多样化对地区经济增长与经济稳定都存在显著的促进作用,无关多样化不利于经济增长但有助于提高经济稳定性。为进一步考察不同宏观经济形势下多样化在经济稳定功能方面的差异,以全球经济危机为分界点进行了分阶段回归,结果显示:当外部市场状况良好时,相关多样化的稳定效应较为明显,当遭遇外部经济冲击时,相关多样化的稳定作用被削弱甚至逆转,而无关多样化则始终发挥着经济稳定器的功能。     

中国经济增长稳定性评价及其影响因素分析

经济增长稳定性对经济增长的质量和国民福利水平有重要影响。本文在评估改革开放以来我国经济增长稳定性的基础上,定量分析了各因素对经济增长稳定性的影响程度。分析结果表明,经济增长稳定性主要受产出缺口、需求结构、产业结构和投资者所有制结构等四大因素的影响,当产出缺口增加1％时,经济增长稳定指数降低0畅97个点;当需求结构（最终消费率）提高1％时,经济增长稳定指数上升0畅79个点;当产业结构提高1％时,经济增长稳定指数上升1畅47个点;当所有制结构（国有经济占比）上升1％,经济增长稳定指数降低0畅62个点。     

中国包容性增长的时空演化及空间收敛研究北大核心

本文测算了2003~2020年30个省(区、市)的包容性增长指数,运用核密度估计、Dagum基尼系数及分解、Moran’s I指数、σ收敛、空间β收敛等方法分析了包容性增长的时空演变、区域差异和收敛性特征。研究发现:全国和三大区域的包容性增长水平总体提升,但在2017年后大部分省(区、市)遇到瓶颈期。三大地区间差异是总体差异的主要来源,东部地区的包容性增长水平大幅领先于中、西部地区。包容性增长存在显著的空间正相关,全国和三大区域的包容性增长具有明显的空间β收敛特征。本文基于包容性增长的内涵和中国的发展愿景,更新了研究视角和指标体系,使用空间模型进行了收敛分析,有利于深入理解中国包容性增长的发展脉络和特征,对促进机会公平、推动包容性增长具有积极的现实意义。     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

面向对象的程序设计

用Ｃ＋ ＋ 语言阐述面向对象程序设计中封装和继承的概念以及在实际中怎样运用这些概念提高程序设计水平。     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

应用CGI技术创建CAI网页计数器

:CGI( Common Gateway Interface)是应用程序与 Web服务器交互的一个标准接口 ,利用该技术可以实现 HTML不具备的交互式主页功能。本文将通过“教育窗”主页的访问 (点击 )计算器的开发应用实例 ,提出了两种使用 CGI技术实现点击计数的方案     

钻井现场H2S气体的探测及防护

在钻井生产过程中，实施HSE管理体系，预防和控制H2S，保护每一位员工不受H2S气体危害，是钻井生产过程中HSE工作的重要一环。阐述了有害气体H2S的物理特性、毒性标准，介绍了几种常用的H2S气体探测器，以及具体操作方法。     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Migration to 3G wireless broadband internet and real options: The case of an operator in India

The paper focuses on third generation wireless technologies and on alternative technologies for wireless local area networks. The authors present the evolutionary migration path from second to third generation systems. Technological, economic and behavioral factors related to decision-making towards the migration are proposed. As an example, the paper studies the case of the national incumbent operator of India. It analyzes qualitatively the migration problem from the perspective of the operator, the equipment manufacturer and the users. For the quantitative analysis, real options are used to value the investment decisions. The analysis suggests that the initial (sunk) investment cost, the average revenue per user, the growth of the subscriber base and the volatility of the markets are the key factors in the investment process.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

压入式局部通风技术及管理

局部通风技术及管理在大中小型煤矿广泛应用,如何管理和应用局部通风是掘进安全生产不可忽视的环节,无论从风量的设计、各种安全设施的使用等都是非常重要的。有一套系列化的设计和管理模式是掘进安全生产的重要保证,本文从掘进设计到掘进结束做了详细的使用和管理。