城市理性增长研究综述

总结回顾西方国家的城市理性增长在起源、内涵界定、模型分析以及实现方法途径等方面的实践和研究成果,对未来城市的理性增长趋势形成比较清晰的认识.指出研究的发展趋势主要有以下三个方面:从综合角度界定城市理性增长;将实现理想增长的方法途径引入城市理性增长模型;针对不同地区设计不同的城市理性增长管理工具.     

美国城市理性增长理念对中国快速城市化的启示

论文首先介绍美国城市发展的主要空间形式--蔓延特征及其形成的动因和后果,然后论述美国针对城市蔓延提出的解决问题的对策-城市理性增长.最后根据市场机制主导下的理性城市空间,结合中国过去二十几年快速城市发展出现的问题,探讨美国城市理性增长对中国快速城市化的启示.     

从"城市蔓延"到"理性增长"——美国土地利用方式之转变

从美国郊区化与城市蔓延的典型特征入手,简要回顾了理性增长产生的背景.在此基础上,从内城贫困、居住隔离、空间失衡和公正健康四个层面分析了城市蔓延引发的社会及经济后果.随后就若干论点介绍了城市蔓延与理性增长之间的理论之争.最后借鉴美国经验教训,对我国城市化道路和土地利用模式展开思考,认为要转变方式,树立科学的区域发展观;借鉴西方城市健康的分析框架,努力探索"健康城市规划";充分发挥规划政策在应对城市土地利用问题的综合调控作用;公平公正,追求社会稳定和谐,发挥政府力量对市场扭曲的矫正作用.     

美国城市蔓延治理及其对中国的启示——基于土地制度的视角

城市蔓延给城市可持续发展带来了一系列的负面影响,如何控制城市蔓延已经成为许多国家面临的挑战。介绍了美国城市蔓延的背景和特征,分析了美国在不同阶段的土地政策演进及土地制度缺陷所导致的城市蔓延情况,并从土地利用管制角度提出了城市蔓延的治理路径。在此基础上,分析了我国以土地政策控制城市蔓延、促进城市精明增长的途径。     

城市蔓延研究述评

随着我国经济发展和城市化进程的加快,城市蔓延问题逐渐突显,引起了学者们的高度重视。从城市蔓延概念的界定、蔓延的量化、蔓延的影响三个方面,较为系统地回顾了国内外文献研究进展,并对相关问题做了评述。这些研究对我国当前如何应对城市蔓延提供了有价值的启示。     

城市蔓延背景下的乡村景观生态安全影响研究

城镇化的快速发展和城市空间的无序蔓延,对乡村景观生态健康造成了巨大的压力。通过文献资料法与定性分析法对城市蔓延内涵特征进行归纳总结,并从四个层面分析了城市蔓延对乡村景观生态安全的影响研究。提出在我国建设新型城镇化和生态文明社会的大背景下,应从城乡互动的视角分析城市蔓延与乡村景观生态安全问题,加强从微观尺度分析城市蔓延所导致的乡村景观生态安全问题,并因地制宜地研究不同区域不同时空尺度城市蔓延与乡村景观生态安全的问题,制定有针对性的政策措施,引导城市在合理区域增长是协调乡村景观生态保护与城市空间增长矛盾的重要途径。     

城市理性增长理论与实践研究进展

城市理性增长强调经济、社会和环境的可持续共同发展,已成为美国城市发展的行动纲领。系统地总结了城市理性增长的理论模型,美国城市理性增长在土地利用变更、社区复兴、住宅偏好及选择、耕地保护与基础设施建设等领域的实践效果,以及理性增长的中国化进程。     

西方城市蔓延治理路径演变分析

在阐述西方城市蔓延发生背景的基础上,系统分析了西方治理城市蔓延的路径及其变迁.     

国外城市蔓延研究综述

在阐述国外城市蔓延内涵与特征的基础上,从城市蔓延的影响因素、城市蔓延对环境的影响、控制城市蔓延的政策和城市蔓延研究方法等几个方面,对国外城市蔓延研究进行了归纳总结与简要评价。     

城市空间扩展与"精明增长"中国化

阐述了美国城市蔓延及“精明增长”对策,综合国内外学者对“精明增长”中国化的观点,指出我国城市空间扩展借鉴“精明增长”理念应注意三个问题,并据此提出“精明增长”中国化的相关建议。     

Dynamics of urban sprawl and sustainable development in China

Compared with the rich literature on urban sprawl in Western cities, relatively little is known of the driving factors, processes, and future trends of urban sprawl in China. This research analyzes the socioeconomic forces behind two parts of urban sprawl in China: urban decentralization and urban renewal, and reveals two basic characteristics of Chinese urban sprawl: de-densification and expansion of urbanized areas. It uses the term “urban sprawl” to consider the reasons behind urban transformation on a regional level in China. This research begins with definitions of sprawl in Western and Eastern countries, and follows with a dynamic analysis of the social, political, and cultural aspects of sprawl. Three case studies focus on three urban regions in China: Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. This research provides a comprehensive definition of “urban sprawl” in China, identifies the patterns of urban sprawl and growth, and indicates possible alternative strategies for urban expansion. Finally, it offers suggestions on how to effectively control urban sprawl in China, and provides a pathway to achieving sustainable development.     

城市边缘区大型公共设施的规划

本文从大型公共设施在边缘区发展的影响因素入手 ,借鉴、分析国外的经验和教训 ,研究大型公共设施的建设与城市演变的关系 ,提出大型公共设施的建设应从城市发展战略、城市交通体系与政策、城市经济与环境以及城市建筑设计等多角度进行综合一体化规划设计 ,并以此促进城市重要建设项目的规划选址、规模布局、建筑计划等工作程序进一步规范和完善     

日本城市蔓延及治理

日本在二战后经历了高速经济增长和快速城市化,出现了城市蔓延现象.在日本,城市蔓延一般是指缺少公共服务地、向邻近非城市区域弥漫式扩展,这种开发模式是地方政府在实施城市规划中对发展的企业、土地持有者和中央政府等做出让步的结果,并产生了高额社会成本、财政成本和土地成本.虽然日本城市规划者将土地重整视为城市规划之母和抑制城市蔓延的有效手段,但并未达到预期效果.最近日本政府提出建设紧凑城市的政策,旨在降低小汽车依赖性和重新繁荣市中心以应对不断减少的人口和快速老龄化.     

PUBLIC CHOICE AND URBAN ECONOMICS: THE UNNOTICED LINK BETWEEN LIQUOR LICENSING AND URBAN SPRAWL

The paper's hypothesis is that strict liquor licensing laws, as in Britain and the US, which ban street cafés (ostensibly to protect children) effectively transfer property rights in the streets to the commuting car users. Road pricing, either explicit or implicit via congested streets, loses its constituency. The result is road widening, neglect of city amenities and consequent urban sprawl. In line with the hypothesis, we find that continental European countries permitting street cafés and restaurants have less urban sprawl. They also attract more tourists, and their citizens are less obese. Therefore, the forthcoming Licensing Act, by (hopefully) assisting street cafés, marks an important step forward for British cities.     

Unveiling Urban Sprawl in the Mediterranean Region: Towards a Latent Urban Transformation?

The relationship between form and function in European Mediterranean cities has been widely addressed from various perspectives. A number of studies indicate that, until the 1980s, compactness was a key trait of several cities of the Northern Mediterranean. However, after the ‘compact growth’ period, these cities experienced patterns of urbanization that differed from their traditional trends. Since the 1990s, sprawl, coupled with population decline in the inner cities, has become the main pattern of urban development. This article explores the key features of exurban development in the Mediterranean region in order to provide material for a discussion based on the differences and similarities in the characteristics of sprawl processes originating in the US and Northern Europe. It concludes that any debate on policy responses to sprawl must be specifically formulated according to the scope, administrative level, housing and planning system, territorial and socioeconomic characteristics of the urban system under examination. It is our belief that sprawl requires site‐specific analyses and policy strategies for the region being studied if the process is to be effectively controlled.     

物业税与城市蔓延之关系研究述评

对城市蔓延的相关问题作了简要综述,并重点介绍了研究物业税与城市蔓延间关系的国内外文献。物业税与城市蔓延的理论研究和实证分析都说明,物业税与城市空间形态特别是城市规模之间存在着紧密的联系。指出应当从城市资源空间配置的角度开展更多物业税方面的研究,并在中国现有房地产市场中实践。     

“流”视角的长春市蔓延特征与作用机理分析

各种"流"是城市内在空间结构组织的微观主体,为城市蔓延特征及其作用机理的分析提供了一个更为动态、微观和系统的分析视角。据此,基于"流"视角,以长春市为例,运用弹性系数测度其蔓延程度,用紧凑度、破碎度和轴带扩展度分析其蔓延扩展方式,并从产业、空间结构、体制环境和地理区位的演变等方面透视了"流"之于长春市蔓延的作用机理。最后从政府绩效考核体系、征地制度、分税制、财政转移支付等视角提出对策措施。     

The Causes of Urban Sprawl in Spanish Urban Areas: A Spatial Approach

This paper explores the presence of local spatial interaction on urban development patterns of Spanish urban areas and whether this interaction might be due to the strategic behaviour of neighbouring local governments. Using remote-sensing data from aerial photography and satellite imaging along with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques, it studies urban development patterns across the country with unprecedented detail. The results confirm the main hypothesis that spatial interaction exists in the levels of sprawl between neighbouring municipalities, suggesting that local governments do indeed compete for the creation of new suburban settlement developments, hence promoting excessive urban sprawl.