我国矿山生态环境恢复治理现状和对策

我国矿山生态环境问题非常严重 ,已到了非治理不可的地步。矿山生态环境恢复治理应采取不同的政策 :一是老矿山历史遗留的生态环境问题必须由国家投资加以解决 ;二是新上矿山必须严格执行矿产资源法、环境保护法、土地复垦规定 ,加强监督执法力度 ;三是建立多渠道的资金投入机制 ,加大矿山环境恢复治理的力度 ;四是采取有效的经济保障措施 ,建立矿山生态环境恢复治理保证金制度。     

基于模糊综合评判法的攀西矿山地质环境评价

矿山地质环境评价是一项涉及多模糊因素的多层次的复杂系统工程。采用三级模糊综合评价模型,通过对环境问题的类型、数量、分布、危害程度,以及矿山恢复治理率、环境治理资金投入、绿色矿山建设数量等影响因素分析,从矿山地质环境和恢复治理两个方面构建指标体系对攀西地区的矿山地质环境进行了综合评价。评判结果反映了攀西地区矿山地质环境与恢复治理的现状,为攀西地区矿山地质环境的科学管理和恢复治理提供了依据。     

我国矿山地质环境保护及其控制指标体系

矿山地质环境是矿山环境的重要组成部分，保护矿山地质环境．对于改善生态环境、促进经济社会可持续发展具有深远意义。我国矿山环境保护近年来虽然取得了积极的进展，但保护与治理形势严峻的基本状况仍未改变。我国矿山环境问题主要表现在环境污染、环境破坏、生态破坏等方面。矿山环境保护与治理指标有噪声治理指标、生态环境恢复指标、资源综合利用指标、地质灾害控制指标四项．指标设置存在不符标准规范．部分指标名称不统一．操作性较差等问题。改进建议：（1）设置指向明确的控制指标；（2）尽量统一指标名称；（3）提高指标的可操作性；（4）提高指标体系的前瞻性。     

矿产资源开发的环境恢复治理激励机制设计

十八大报告及《中共中央关于全面深化该若干重大问题的决定》中明确提出"要建立吸引社会资本投入生态环境保护的市场化机制,推行环境污染第三方治理"。这为建立矿山地质环境治理恢复市场化机制提供了政策依据,因此采用何种激励创新体系机制,才能促成政府与民间资本投资的有效整合,才能有效吸纳民间资本参与矿山地质环境恢复治理项目的建设,这已成为当前研究的热点,为此,从经济学角度剖析了矿山地质环境治理激励机制内涵,当前建立激励机制面临的问题,如:缺乏治理收益回报机制、忽视环境资产产权等。提出了建立矿山地质环境恢复治理激励机制的基础,提出矿山地质环境治理激励机制体系构成,国家应出台财政、税收和金融扶持政策,建立治理权益回报机制、治理收益回报激励机制和行政激励机制。     

广西采石场矿山地质环境保护与治理的思考

广西通过法规制度体系建设、矿山地质环境调查、治理规划等举措对采石场矿山地质环境进行了有效的保护和治理。目前存在责任主体不明、相关法律法规落实不到位、缺乏必要的监管手段、标准不健全,技术投入和支持不够等问题。建议完善自身的法规体系,实施严格、高效的矿山地质环境行政管理;运用管理技术、经济手段,从根本上减少矿山地质环境破坏,扎实推进采石场矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复工作。     

论构建矿产资源开发的生态补偿机制

指出当前中国矿产资源开发而引起的环境问题日益突出的根源在于生态补偿机制缺失,并提出构建矿产资源开发的生态补偿机制,需要着力解决"由谁补偿"、"补偿多少"和"怎么补偿"3个基本问题。即实行"新旧账"分治,明确矿山环境恢复补偿主体以及责权利,多渠道筹集废弃矿山环境恢复治理基金;以重置成本为依据确定矿山环境恢复治理保证金征收标准,因地制宜地确定征收办法;建立和完善生态补偿资金使用的招标、监管和效益评价机制。     

如何引导小型矿山健康发展

小型矿山是矿产资源开发的重要形式,有其存在的必要性,但目前存在着诸多问题。要确保小型矿山健康发展,就要做到:①建立、完善相关法律法规和制度;②鼓励合理合法利用零星资源;③鼓励联合,科学推进资源整合;④编制小型矿山生产总体规划;⑤制定矿山环境恢复治理方案;⑥用好矿山环境恢复治理保证金;⑦建立矿山环境治理基金;⑧加强对小型矿山的监督管理;⑨加大宣传教育力度,重视人才培养,引进先进技术。     

重庆市永川区矿山生态环境问题与对策探讨

调查分析了永川的地质构造因素及矿产资源的开发概况;实地调查统计了由于矿山开采造成的土地资源破坏、地表植被破坏、地下水资源破坏、诱发地质灾害等情况;探寻了引起矿山环境问题的更深层次的原因。通过对国内外矿山生态环境恢复的成功案例的分析,结合永川区近年来在矿山环境恢复治理方面的工作进展及不足,提出了有针对性的适合本地区发展的矿山地质环境保护措施与对策建议。     

内蒙古自治区尾矿利用和矿山地质环境恢复治理的调研报告

内蒙古自治区生态环境脆弱,矿产开发增速与环境容量限制之间矛盾的压力凸显.近几年,该区在加大矿产开发力度,大力发展经济的同时,已经开始注重尾矿利用和矿山地质环境恢复治理,并取得了一定成效.该区尾矿利用和矿山地质环境恢复治理需从战略和制度上思考三大问题:一是如何把握矿产资源开发速度;二是如何制定出科学的、切实可行的、与经济发展规划和矿产开发利用规划配套的矿山地质环境恢复治理中长期规划;三是如何科学治理、保证资金、技术、人员和责任到位,降低治理成本,提高治理成效.建议宏观方面直辖市经济增速、矿产开发增速与生态环境容量变化的关系,出台相关政策,建立研发、监管体制和机制,强化矿山企业的相关责任.     

解决矿山生态环境保护问题的对策建议

文章根据三部门矿山生态环境保护专项执法检查督查情况 ,分析了目前矿山生态环境保护监管存在的问题 ,提出了解决矿山生态环境保护问题的对策建议 :1 提高对矿山生态环境保护重要意义的认识 ;2 强化法律约束和政策指导 ;3 建立三部局联合执法检查制度 ,加大执法力度 ;4 赋予国土资源部门对矿山环境监督管理的职能 ;5 建立矿山环境恢复治理新机制 ,加大资金投入     

绿色农产品消费行为影响因素分析及行为调查

绿色农产品供给是适应消费升级的一个重要路径,是农产品高质量提升的一个重要形态。中国农业资源产出有限且各类消费品都面临消费升级压力,探讨绿色农产品的消费行为影响因素对优化绿色农产品供给、提升农产品供给质量、增加消费有积极意义。通过影响区域绿色农产品消费的因素识别,以消费者购买决策的过程关键变量调查研究对象,通过经济欠发达但绿色农业发展较好的江西消费者调查,揭示影响绿色农产品消费或不消费的原因,为后续农业供给政策制定以及区域政府实施科学管理提供依据,探索农业供给侧改革的新方向。     

东部沿海地区10城市社会经济指标的因子分析

对我国东部沿海地区10个城市的社会经济指标进行了因子分析,在获得主成分法初始解的基础上进行因子旋转,得到因子模型;最后通过因子得分对10个城市的经济指标进行了排序比较。     

遗产旅游的概念与内涵初探

近年来遗产旅游已成为旅游研究领域的热点,这与遗产旅游业的快速发展和我国世界遗产地出现的资源破坏、环境污染事件有关;遗产旅游研究滞后于遗产旅游业的发展,目前亟需加强对遗产旅游概念与内涵的深入探讨;在广泛借鉴国内外遗产旅游研究的基础上,对遗产旅游的概念与内涵进行初步讨论。另外,对"遗产"和"旅游"的关系提出了见解。     

土地业务全程管理模式研究

研究目的：对土地业务全程管理模式进行分析，为土地业务全程管理提供实施思路。研究方法：经验分析法。研究结果：土地业务全程管理是国土资源信息化逐渐向协同应用发展的必然结果，在对土地业务全程管理内涵分析的基础上，从业务模型、数据模型和运行模型三个方面提出了构建土地业务全程管理模式的方案。研究结论：提出的实施方案对于改善现状、加强土地业务全程管理模式的建立是有益的。     

Farmers’ decisions to adapt to climate change under various property rights: A case study of maize farming in northern Benin (West Africa)

Making the assumption that property rights might determine whether farmers adopt particular strategies, this study aims at modelling farmers’ decisions to adapt to climate change by focusing on their property rights – declined as institutional arrangements on land and rights on land – as well as their socio-economic and demographic characteristics. The case study took place in northern Benin (West Africa). In this zone, 308 farmers producing maize and adapting to climate change were randomly sampled. The study was conducted by a survey method on respondents using structured interviews based on a questionnaire. A simultaneous modelling using a Multivariate Probit (MVP) model highlighted that socio-economic and demographic characteristics, institutional arrangements on land, and rights on land determine the farmers’ decisions to adapt to climate change. The land ownership has a positive effect on the decision to adopt any adaptation strategy. Subsequently, securing farmers’ property rights would help to enhance their capacity to adapt to climate change.     

Priority setting for research on aquatic resources: an application of modified economic surplus analysis to natural resource systems

In contrast to research on farming systems, research on natural resource systems seldom applies rigorous priority setting techniques, mainly due to difficulties associated with estimating research impact ex ante for such systems. This article presents a replicable approach to priority setting that addresses these difficulties. Assessment is based on multiple criteria, combining economic surplus analysis with subjective scoring, based on information drawn from a cross‐country survey of expert opinion. The approach is applied to the WorldFish Center, a global agricultural research organization focusing on living aquatic resources, both farmed and wild. The exercise demonstrates the relevance of conventional evaluation techniques to fisheries research based on a practical application of its impact pathways.     

Taxation, life-time uncertainty and non-industrial private forest-owner's decision-making

The nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) owner's consumption and harvesting decisions are investigated under inheritance and capital income taxes using a two-period model. The impact of the forest-owner's age is introduced into the analysis through a parameter of perceived probability of surviving through a future period. This allows us to study the impacts of ageing on consumption and harvesting decisions as well as to see how the impact of taxes changes among different age groups of forest-owners. The results show that current consumption first decreases and then increases when moving from younger to older individuals regardless of whether non-timber assets are more or less heavily taxed through bequests than consumption. In general, we find that tax effects are dependent on the forest-owner's age. Age tends to intensify the increasing effect of the forest bequest tax on harvesting. The same is true with respect to the decreasing effect on harvesting of the inheritance tax imposed on non-forest assets. Furthermore, the forest-owner's age tends to intensify the effect on harvesting of the capital income tax imposed on forest assets, but diminishes the effect on harvesting of the capital income tax imposed on non-forest assets.     

国有林区改革终极目的不是实行私有化

认为国有林区改革必须对林区的森林经营历史、林区的森林生长自然规律有所了解,以寻求改革的症结所在,并明确改革的目的和目标。对伊春林区改革试点出现的"分林"做法,导致国有林区国有资产的流失提出警示。不认同对国有林区改革的主要方向是"家庭承包"的提法,因为它违反林业经济规律和现代森林经营的基本要求。指出国有林区改革终极目标不是实行私有化。     

风险认知、社会信任与农户宅基地退出意愿基于江苏省扬州市418户农户调查的数据

目的 研究风险认知对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响,以及社会信任在两者中的调节作用,探究风险认知对农户宅基地退出意愿的作用机制,引导农户自愿有偿退出宅基地,提高农村土地资源利用效率,促进城乡融合发展具有重要现实意义。方法 文章基于江苏省扬州市418户农户调查数据,采用主成分分析测度风险认知和社会信任等变量,并运用Logit模型对提出的理论假说进行实证检验。结果 （1）实证结果表明,风险认知对农户宅基地退出意愿有负向影响,而社会信任则有正向影响。（2）具体来看,风险认知对高社会信任农户和低社会信任农户宅基地退出的意愿均有负向影响,社会信任能缓解风险认知对宅基地退出意愿的不利影响,人际信任和制度信任都有助于农户宅基地退出意愿的提升;区分在城镇有无住房农户进行异质性分析,也验证了上述研究结论。（3）控制变量中,户主年龄和房屋居住年限对农户宅基地退出意愿具有显著的正向影响,而家庭承包地面积和距离县城距离对农户宅基地退出意愿有显著的负向影响。结论 为进一步推动农户宅基地有序退出,应该完善农户宅基地退出后各项保障政策,改善和提升农户社会信任水平以及构建差别化宅基地退出机制和政策。     

Commonage land and farmer uptake of the rural environment protection scheme in Ireland

This paper looks at some of the factors which may influence REPS participation among commonage farmers in the west of The Republic of Ireland and on the impact REPS has had on participating farmers’ income and on their environmental practices and attitudes. Commonage is land held in common ownership on which two or more farmers have grazing rights. There are about 4500 commonages in Ireland and they are important to Irish agriculture, to conservation of the uplands, in managing the environment and in sustaining rural livelihoods. The study reveals that sheep farmers are less likely to join REPS than cattle farmers and that being in receipt of other sources of State income acted as a deterrent to participation. REPS appears to have had a positive impact on participants’ income and seems to have been successful in changing farmer practices in a more environmentally benign direction, when doing so imposed no additional costs on the farmer. Environmental awareness among all farmers appears to be poor although REPS farmers display more appreciation of the degraded state of commonage than do non-REPS farmers. Farmers preference for a continuation of the status quo with respect to commonage management and a lack of discontent with respect to the distribution of past commonage rights points to the potential of building on a more co-operative approach to environmental management.