动态套保策略优于静态套保策略吗?——来自中国棉花期货的证据

本文以BEKK-GARCH原始模型为基础,构造了一个中国棉花期货收益率与现货收益率双变量的多元GARCH模型,并根据该模型计算得到动态最优套期保值比率。基于最小方差的套期保值效率比较结果说明：相对于静态套期保值策略而言,动态套期保值策略在套保周期较短的1周优势明显;但当周期延长至2周甚至4周时这种优势不存在,此时基于静态套期保值策略的套保效率要明显高于动态策略。     

基于DCC—BGARCH模型人民币升值风险动态管理研究

在人民币升值背景下,我国出口企业面临潜在外汇风险。根据人民币汇率波动“聚集性”,使用DCC—BGARCH模型设计动态套期保值策略,与传统结果比较得到DCC—BGARCH模型策略标准差较小、效率较高等结论。因此,我国外贸企业可以借鉴该策略有效规避人民币升值风险,稳定生产收益。     

我国商业银行外汇套期保值策略研究

国有商业银行作为我国外汇交易的主体,在国家外汇改革过程中承担着最大的外汇风险。本文就商业银行外汇套期保值的特点,通过对西方发达国家常见的一些操作策略进行了研究,对国有商业银行应采用外汇套期保值策略提出了以下两点建议。"!在运用远期外汇交易以及外汇期货交易的时候应采用积极主动的套期保值策略,特别应该避免采用不加分析的对其所有敞口头寸进行完全保值的策略。"#应该把银行的利率风险与外汇风险视为一个整体并进行同步套期保值。     

最小VaR套期保值比率研究

本文提出了最小VaR（风险价值）套期保值比率。与最小方差套期保值比率相比,最小化套期保值资产组合VaR套期保值比率,能够较好地反映金融资产收效率数据通常具有的尖峰厚尾、波动簇集等特征,提高了计算的准确性,从而更为精确地测定套期保值资产组合所面临的风险。实证研究结果表明,在动态预测中,使用最小VaR套期价值策略的预测效果优于最小方差套期保值策略,为投资者利用期货市场套期保值,估计和控制风险提供了一个有效手段。     

关于外汇风险套期保值的初步研究

随着我国在全球经济中市场份额和贸易份额的不断提升,国际汇率走势对我国经济的影响也日益凸显,而近年来汇率市场处在剧烈波动中,因汇率波动而造成的外汇风险已经成为全球经济参与主体无法回避的问题.本文将针对外汇汇率风险、套期保值原理以及套期保值工具进行阐述,以便帮助企业通过套期保值规避汇率风险,参与资产资源配置,以锁定采购成本和销售价格,使市场价格符合企业成本战略与销售战略,从而提高企业核心竞争力.     

沪深300股指期货套期保值绩效的比较分析——基于Markov状态转移模型实证

本文利用沪深300股指期货上市以来的数据,以沪深300指数作为套期保值的现货资产,得到基于马尔科夫状态转移模型的最优套期保值比率,并与静态套期保值比率和考虑到现一期货长期协整关系的BEKK—GARCH模型得到的动态套期保值率进行比较,利用风险最小化原则和效用最大化原则进行套期保值绩效分析。实证结果表明．基于Markov状态转移模型的套期保值率具有最好的套期保值绩效．从而可以为投资者有效规避市场的系统性风险提供帮助。     

中国玉米期货市场套期保值绩效实证研究

本文运用2004年9月至2010年12月中国玉米期货市场和现货市场交易数据,借助OLS、B-VAR、ECM和B-GARCH等计量模型对中国玉米期货市场套期保值的比率进行了测度,并利用套期保值的绩效衡量指标对中国玉米期货市场套期保值的绩效进行了实证研究.研究结果表明:中国玉米期货价格和现货价格之间存在着长期均衡关系;套期保值的期限越长,绩效越明显,说明中国玉米期货市场初步发挥了规避玉米现货价格波动风险的功能.对同一套期保值期限来说,运用不同的套期保值策略,套期保值的绩效差别较大,因此,套期保值者要根据自身现货经营情况选择适当的策略来进行套期保值操作,以最大限度地规避现货生产和经营风险.     

中国外贸企业运用远期外汇套期保值策略研究

为了探讨适合我国外贸企业的套期保值模式，本文研究了西方主要的套期保值策略，发现有选择性的套期保值的风险回报要高于无务件的套期保值．因此，我们建议我国外贸企业也采用选择性的套期保值策略。     

基于风险最小化套期保值模型对静态套期保值策略下的套期保值比率及套期保值绩效的研究

本文基于风险最小化套期保值模型对静态套期保值策略下的套期保值比率及套期保值绩效理论,分析我国股指期货的交易数据,从而选取适合我国股指期货市场的套期保值模型。     

基于风险最小化套期保值模型对静态套期保值策略下的套期保值比率及套期保值绩效的研究

本文基于风险最小化套期保值模型对静态套期保值策略下的套期保值比率及套期保值绩效理论,分析我国股指期货的交易数据,从而选取适合我国股指期货市场的套期保值模型。     

Mitigating Interest Rate Risk in Variable Annuities: An Analysis of Hedging Effectiveness under Model Risk

Variable annuities are investment vehicles offered by insurance companies that combine a life insurance policy with long-term financial guarantees. These guarantees expose the insurer to market risks, such as volatility and interest rate risks, which can be managed only with a hedging strategy. The objective of this article is to study the effectiveness of dynamic delta-rho hedging strategies for mitigating interest rate risk in variable annuities with either a guaranteed minimum death benefit or guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit rider. Our analysis centers on three important practical issues: (1) the robustness of delta-rho hedging strategies to model uncertainty, (2) the impact of guarantee features (maturity versus withdrawal benefits) on the performance of the hedging strategy, and (3) the importance of hedging interest rate risk in either a low and stable or rising interest rate environment. Overall, we find that the impact of interest rate risk is equally felt for the two types of products considered, and that interest rate hedges do lead to a significant risk reduction for the insurer, even when the ongoing low interest rate environment is factored in.     

Basis risk in static versus dynamic longevity-risk hedging

This paper provides a tractable, parsimonious model for assessing basis risk in longevity and its effect on the hedging strategies of Pension Funds and annuity providers. Basis risk is captured by a single parameter, that measures the co-movement between the portfolio and the reference population’s longevity. The paper sets out the static, full and customized swap-hedge for an annuity, and compares it with a dynamic, partial, and index-based hedge. We calibrate our model to the UK and Scottish populations. The effectiveness of static versus dynamic strategies depends on the rebalancing frequency of the second, on the relative costs, and on basis risk, which does not affect fully-customized, static hedges. We show that appropriately calibrated dynamic hedging strategies can still be reasonably effective, even at low rebalancing frequencies.     

中国能源期货的对冲模型比较研究

本文以中国燃料油期货及现货数据为例,介绍了中国能源市场中对冲实践的一系列流程:从理论框架、模型选择、数据检验、对冲期限到对冲有效性检验。本文遵循该流程,对比了基于最小方差和效用最大化两类理论框架下的四类模型(OLS、VAR和两类不同的误差修正向量GARCH模型)。实证研究发现:(1)对冲效果与对冲期限呈现先上升后下降的倒U型关系;(2)在效用最大化理论框架下,采用基于向量的GARCH模型和15天动态对冲策略的投资组合对冲后修正夏普比率高达2.95,提升风险收益比的效果十分显著。     

An Intertemporal International Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Empirical Evidence

We extend Campbell's (1993) model to develop an intertemporal international asset pricing model (IAPM). We show that the expected international asset return is determined by a weighted average of market risk, market hedging risk, exchange rate risk and exchange rate hedging risk. These weights sum up to one. Our model explicitly separates hedging against changes in the investment opportunity set from hedging against exchange rate changes as well as exchange rate risk from intertemporal hedging risk. A test of the conditional version of our intertemporal IAPM using a multivariate GARCH process supports the asset pricing model. We find that the exchange rate risk is important for pricing international equity returns and it is much more important than intertemporal hedging risk.     

Exchange rate exposure and foreign exchange derivatives: do ineffective hedgers modify future derivatives use?

Recent studies examining the relationship between stock returns and exchange rate changes have provided evidence that the exchange rate exposure of non-financial companies is reduced by the use of foreign exchange derivatives. Building on such research, this study investigates whether past ineffective derivative hedging contributes to explaining future derivatives use. To the extent that companies monitor the effectiveness of their currency risk management practices, past ineffective hedgers can be expected to modify their future use of foreign exchange derivatives accordingly. In our study of 94 non-financial US multinationals, we provide evidence that the change in derivatives use from 1996–1998 to 1998–2000 can be explained in part by the ineffective hedging of currency risk in 1996–1998, controlling for variables associated with theories of optimal hedging. Additional analyses confirm that such primary results are robust to firm size, the level of foreign operations, and the use of derivatives to partially hedge currency risk. Our results imply that as exchange markets and risk management practices change, the use of derivatives to manage exchange rate risk also changes. Our contribution to this field of study is that we find evidence that past ineffective hedgers tend to increase their future use of FXDs.     

INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION LOCATION AND "PRO FORMA" FINANCIAL HEDGING OF EXCHANGE RATE RISK

There are many considerations in a firm's choice of where to locate a production facility. One of the least understood is the implication of foreign exchange risk. The issue is complex because, in addition to the concept of operational hedging, managers must also consider economic exposure and, in cases with foreign competitors, competitive exposure. As shown in this article, a firm's competitive exposure to exchange rate changes depends upon the location of its competitors' plants as well as its own.
The currency exposures of various international production strategies are demonstrated using hypothetical scenarios. The scenarios can also be used to perform a "pro forma" financial hedging analysis of currency exposure in simple "three-outcome" cases. By implicitly accounting for the market's pricing of exchange rate risk, the financial hedging analysis provides a straightforward way for managers to evaluate various international production possibilities.     

Risk Management: Coordinating Corporate Investment and Financing Policies

This paper develops a general framework for analyzing corporate risk management policies. We begin by observing that if external sources of finance are more costly to corporations than internally generated funds, there will typically be a benefit to hedging: hedging adds value to the extent that it helps ensure that a corporation has sufficient internal funds available to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities. We then argue that this simple observation has wide ranging implications for the design of risk management strategies. We delineate how these strategies should depend on such factors as shocks to investment and financing opportunities. We also discuss exchange rate hedging strategies for multinationals, as well as strategies involving “nonlinear” instruments like options.     

Exchange Rate Uncertainty,Forward Contracts,and International Portfolio Selection

In this paper, ex ante efficient portfolio selection strategies are developed to realize potential gains from international diversification under flexible exchange rates. It is shown that exchange rate uncertainty is a largely nondiversifiable factor adversely affecting the performance of international portfolios. Therefore, it is essential to effectively control exchange rate volatility. For that purpose, two methods of exchange risk reduction are simultaneously employed: multicurrency diversification and hedging via forward exchange contracts. The empirical findings show that international portfolio selection strategies designed to control both estimation and exchange risks almost consistently outperform the U.S. domestic portfolio in out-of-sample periods.     

Selectively hedging the Euro

Previous research has documented that hedging currency exposures improves the performance of the international portfolios of US investors, while no such improvement occurs for non-US investors. We show, however, that this may have changed, in that Euro exchange rates exhibit a great deal more correlation than was demonstrated by French Franc exchange rates or German Mark exchange rates. Furthermore, we examine the efficacy of several selective hedging strategies for hedging the Euro. All of the conditional hedging strategies we examine outperform strategies which never hedge and those which always hedge. The best performing conditional hedging strategy is the forward hedge rule, which stipulates that one hedge only when the forward rate is at a premium.     

The Relative Effectiveness of Spot and Derivatives‐Based Intervention

This paper studies the relative effectiveness of foreign exchange intervention in spot and derivatives markets. We use Brazilian data where spot and nondeliverable futures intervention have been used in tandem for more than a decade. The analysis finds evidence of a link between both modes of intervention and the exchange rate. In line with theory, the impact of spot intervention is strikingly similar to that of futures intervention when convertibility risk is limited. We show that both types of interventions also affect the level and the price of hedging risk in the foreign exchange market.