碳信息披露与企业投资效率-基于 2011~2015 年 CDP 中国报告的实证研究

本文以 2011~2015 年参与国际 CDP 项目的中国公司为研究对象，从投资效率视角探析碳信息披露与企业投资效率之间的关系，并就产权性质、管理层权力对二者关系的影响进行检验。结果发现：在其他条件相同的情况下，碳信息披露能够显著提高企业投资效率；同时，相较于非国有企业，国有企业碳信息披露更能提高企业投资效率；管理层权力越大，越会削弱碳信息披露对投资效率的改善作用。进一步研究发现，碳信息披露通过缓解投资不足和抑制过度投资的共同作用来提高企业投资效率，且这种作用在国有企业及管理层权力较低的企业中更为显著。     

转炉吹炼终点[C]含量的控制

本文详细阐述了转炉吹炼终点[C]与钢铁料消耗、炉龄、出钢过程、回磷、废钢比等相关指标或参数的关系,进而指出了制定与不同钢种相对应的拉碳工艺的必要性。     

绿色经济问题研究新进展

顺应新发展理念的提出，2016 年学者们对绿色经济相关问题进行了广泛而深入的研究，主要在环境效率、环境规制绩效和绿色发展三方面取得了卓有成效的进展。一是从环境效率评估方法、环境效率状况和区域差异等方面对环境效率进行了评估，并拓展研究了环境效率的影响因素；二是从评估环境政策、税收、排污权分配、碳交易等环境规制绩效入手，理论和实证分析了环境规制的影响因素和绩效改进方向；三是探讨了绿色发展的可能性，提出了优化产业结构、加强地区联防联控、推出碳交易政策、优化城市结构和规划、促进共享经济发展和优化环境管理手段等绿色发展的路径选择。     

《资本论》中的低碳经济理论简述——从经济伦理的视角

从《资本论》的人道观看，低碳经济是人类应然且必然的选择，但是经济活动的碳放量并非越低越好，更不是无碳最好，而且低碳经济未必就是人道的经济。从《资本论》的自由观看，经济活动碳放量的高低变化反映了人类自由不断实现的过程，发展现代社会的低碳经济，科技发展是关键，量力而行是基本原则。从《资本论》的正义论看，资本主义制度下高碳经济的高速发展从根本上讲不是源于其制度的正义性而是源于其制度的不正义性。《资本论》对高碳经济的正义审视仍未过时，对建设我国低碳经济的制度保障也不乏现实的启示性。     

城市森林固碳释氧功能及经济价值评估——以第三个“国家森林城市”长沙市为实证分析

主要介绍了城市森林生态系统固碳释氧功能及经济价值评估方法,并以中国第三个"国家森林城市"长沙市为实证分析,计算了长沙市城市森林生态系统固碳和释氧功能的经济价值分别约为27.12亿元/a和10.61亿元/a,固碳释氧总价值约为37.73亿元/a,最后做了进一步分析与对比。     

Institutional Pressures and an Evolving Forest Carbon Market

It is estimated that 87 million acres of forestland in the United States (US) is managed by private industrial forestland owners (nearly 14% of the forestland nationwide). Private industrial forestland owners include forest product companies, Timber Investment Management Organizations (TIMOs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). Current regulatory and voluntary carbon markets, as well as proposed national emission reduction legislation, in the US make provisions for substantial carbon offsets from domestic forestry projects. This research employs the theory of planned behavior by means of an online questionnaire in order to survey large industrial forestland owners (>30 000 acres) regarding intentions to manage forestland for carbon sequestration and trading. Quantitative results suggest that very few organizations (18%) were managing forestland for carbon values. Attitudes towards carbon sequestration and trading were significantly influenced by the managers' beliefs that emission reduction legislation would become law and that US forest carbon offsets can be used as a legitimate climate change mitigation tool. Qualitative results revealed that most organizations are taking a passive approach to carbon sequestration and trading until a suitable regulatory framework emerges and carbon prices provide the conditions for a sound investment. The researchers suggest that, given the size and scope of the climate change phenomenon as well as the multifaceted and unified mitigation strategy required to address it, the development of functional carbon markets will be an iterative process and may require a global carbon framework that reflects the globalized nature of the forest economy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Energy balance climate models and general equilibrium optimal mitigation policies

In a general equilibrium model of the world economy, we develop a two-dimensional energy balance climate model featuring heat diffusion and anthropogenic forcing driven by global fossil fuel use across the sphere of the Earth. This introduces an endogenous location dependent temperature function, driving spatial characteristics, in terms of location dependent damages resulting from local temperature anomalies into the standard climate-economy framework. We solve the social planner's problem and characterize the competitive equilibrium for two polar cases differentiated by the degree of market integration. We define optimal taxes on fossil fuel use and how they may implement the planning solution. Our results suggest that if the implementation of international transfers across latitudes is not possible then optimal taxes are in general spatially non-homogeneous and may be lower at poorer latitudes. The degree of spatial differentiation of optimal taxes depends on heat transportation. By employing the properties of the spatial model, we show by numerical simulations how the impact of thermal transport across latitudes on welfare can be studied.     

活性炭负载对甲苯磺酸催化合成三醋酸甘油酯工艺条件研究

以丙三醇、冰醋酸为原料,活性炭负载对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,催化合成三醋酸甘油酯。考察了催化剂中w(对甲苯磺酸)、催化剂用量、醇酸比、酯化时间等因素对反应的影响。发现上述因素均对三醋酸甘油酯的收率有显著影响,且都存在较优值。催化剂在该反应中有良好的催化活性。优选的反应条件是:催化剂中w(对甲苯磺酸)为36%,w(催化剂)为1.8%,n(丙三醇)∶n(冰醋酸)=1∶4,酯化时间为4 h。在此条件下,三醋酸甘油酯收率可达92%。     

碳纤维布在杨树桥加固改造中的应用

粘贴碳纤维结构加固技术是指采用高性能粘结剂将碳纤维布粘贴在建筑结构构件表面,使两者共同工作,提高结构构件的(抗弯、抗剪)承载能力,由此而达到对建筑物进行加固、补强的目的。本文着重介绍了杨树桥加固工程中采用碳纤维布部分的设计方法、施工工艺及施工过程中的注意要点。     

从资源枯竭之忧到资源再生之虑：碳排放研究述评

人们对资源的忧虑，经历了一个转变过程。由可耗竭资源的有限储量所带来的紧迫感趋淡。由生态承载力的衰减所引发的负面后果日益明显。从二氧化碳排放所引出的气候变化问题，是自然生态系统容纳和消除污染排放物的能力已然不足的一个反映。通过对贯穿上述认识转变过程的经济学研究文献的梳理可知，国外在此方向上的主要分析工具是气候变化综合评估模型。该类模型的优点是把经济系统与自然生态系统集成在一起，使得对碳排放的预测具有微观基础，但也因模型复杂而处理难度较高。它的一个应用是：碳减排力度是应立即强力推进。还是可渐进强化，研究文献中围绕这一问题的争论就是以气候变化综合评估模型为基础而展开的。