政府的多重利益驱动与银行的信贷行为

本文以我国转型经济下政府、国有银行和国有企业的紧密联系作为研究的背景,深入分析了政府多重利益驱动下的银行目标函数,并以会计稳健性标准作为衡量银行对债务人信贷要求的指标,实证检验了这一制度安排下的银行信贷行为。研究结果表明:总体而言,随着一系列商业化改革的完成,国有银行的经营理念正在向现代商业银行趋近,对于没有政府干预或干预较少的贷款,其信贷要求能够根据债务人的风险作出相应的调整。然而,仍然存在的政治性贷款又使其信贷行为出现了一定程度的异化,即使得银行对债务人的贷款标准不能根据风险作出相应的调整,并且造成了其对国有企业和非国有企业信贷标准的差异。此外,来自政府提高资产质量的压力和向非国有企业发放信贷时潜在的政治成本迫使国有银行为了控制信贷风险对非国有企业要求过于严格的信贷标准。  

我国股份制商业银行薪酬激励有效性研究

我国股份制商业银行薪酬激励存在一些不足,原因在于薪酬激励的自身因素和薪酬环境因素两方面。自身因素主要包括忽视长期行为激励、缺乏同业竞争优势、轻视普通员工激励;环境因素主要有银行治理结构不完善、市场非充分有效、法规制度不健全等。本文通过对商业银行高管人员及普通员工的薪酬与业绩相关性进行实证检验,认为我国商业银行薪酬激励基本上是有效的,但是其有效性并不十分理想。据此,本文提出了提升我国商业银行薪酬激励有效性的具体建议:从微观层面看,优化薪酬激励机制;从中观层面看,强化商业银行治理结构;从宏观层面看,改善外部相关环境。  

公共产品理论与"一事一议"制度

受益范围仅在村内的村级公共产品应该由村级集团通过"一事一议"的形式提供,但却不是必然的,政府有时也有责任;选择运用恰当的公共产品评价方法来确定"一事一议"的优先序,是"一事一议"立项的重要依据;设计"一事一议"的项目应该尽量利益相容,尽量维持"小规模"格局,采用"有选择性的激励"方式,同时要确保资金专款专用、财务公开、群众评估和农民参与维护等.  

高层管理者激励方式与企业绩效的相关性研究

实证研究表明,目前国有企业对高管人员的非物质激励比物质激励更能有效提升企业绩效.其中,培训机会和社会荣誉是相对最有效的激励方法;职位晋升机会、政策或制度支持、工作条件改善都能有效激励高管人员提升企业绩效;而年薪和股权也是不可忽视的激励要素.  

新形势下国有商业银行人力资源管理体系探讨

在我国全面开放金融市场之际,国有商业银行必须建立一个能够适应新形势的人力资源管理体系,以维护和增强核心竞争力,适应未来更加激烈的同业竞争.一个符合市场经济运行要求的人力资源管理体系必须以劳动力市场为基础,符合劳动者在劳动力成为商品以后所产生的特定的心理状态和行为规律,与企业的经营目标与特点相吻合.对于国有商业银行来说,建立这样的人力资源管理体系至少应当包括三个方面的内容:一是能够充分适应市场经济运行规律的人才管理体制;二是基本符合市场经济条件下人的行为规律的激励机制;三是能够满足商业银行经营管理需要的人力资源配置体系.  

股票期权的实践与探讨

作为分配制度变革的股票期权计划，在发达国家运用已有近30年的历史，成为企业一种有效的激励机制。随着我国企业改革的深化与市场经济的确立，急需探索一条科学有效的激励机制。在我国现行的法律体系下，股票期权计划这种长期激励机制吸引了越来越多的注意力。本对我国在推行股票期权计划的实践中所产生的一些问题作了初步的探讨。  

Determinants of Regional Investment Decisions in China: An Econometric Model of Tax Incentive Policy

This paper examines whether concessionary tax rates and tax incentives can attract foreign direct investment (FDI) into certain designated areas in China. Since China opened its doors to foreign investors in 1979, tax benefits have been used extensively to attract FDI into different areas. In 1991, a new tax law was introduced which superseded two previous income tax laws. This new law provides additional tax benefits which improve the investment environment for foreign investors. This study investigates the effect of China's tax rates and tax incentive policy on FDI and on the locational choices of foreign firms. Our empirical results indicate that tax rates and incentives are important determinants of regional investment decisions in China, after controlling for potential confounding variables covering infrastructure, unemployment rate, wage rate and agglomeration economics. Specifically, areas offering lower tax rates and increased tax incentives are found to attract greater amounts of FDI. The impetus of the tax effect on FDI is more apparent in the post-1991 period due to changes in the tax laws. Our results also suggest that infrastructure variables are important determinants of regional investment decisions.  

Financial regulation and securitization: Evidence from subprime loans

We examine the consequences of existing regulations on the quality of mortgage loans originations in the originate-to-distribute (OTD) market. The information asymmetries in the OTD market can lead to moral hazard problems on the part of lenders. We find, using a plausibly exogenous source of variation in the ease of securitization, that the quality of loan origination varies inversely with the amount of regulation: more regulated lenders originate loans of worse quality. We interpret this result as a possible evidence that the fragility of lightly regulated originators’ capital structure can mitigate moral hazard. In addition, we find that incentives which require mortgage brokers to have ‘skin in the game’ and stronger risk management departments inside the bank partially alleviate the moral hazard problem in this setting. Finally, having more lenders inside a mortgage pool is associated with higher quality loans, suggesting that sharper relative performance evaluation made possible by more competition among contributing lenders can also mitigate the moral hazard problem to some extent. Overall, our evidence suggests that market forces rather than regulation may have been more effective in mitigating moral hazard in the OTD market. The findings caution against policies that impose stricter lender regulations which fail to align lenders’ incentives with the investors of mortgage-backed securities.  

我国企业高管股权激励与研发投资——基于内生性视角的研究

本文以2002—2009年我国上市公司为研究对象,探讨了股权分置改革前后我国企业管理层股权激励对研发投资的影响,并在此基础上检验了管理层股权激励的内生性。研究发现,高管股权激励存在内生性,在控制了内生性之后,股改前股权激励与研发投资之间存在倒U形曲线关系;股改后股权激励对研发投资具有显著的正向影响。本文结果表明应该将研发投资作为股权激励方案的激励条件之一;此外,合理的安排股东与管理层之间的股权配置比例是保证企业有效进行研发投资、提升企业自主创新能力的必要手段。本文的结论深化了我们对股权激励内生性的理解,并为我国企业更好地实施管理层股权激励和企业自主创新战略提供了理论支持和实证证据。  

盈余管理问题初探

近年来,会计信息的质量问题普遍堪忧.盈余管理问题是影响会计信息质量的一大因素.对盈余管理的研究要正确划分盈余管理与财务欺诈的界限.另外,要认清盈余管理可能造成的后果.本文的研究重点在于盈余管理的资本市场动因以及影响,并提出正确判断企业是否存在盈余管理应解决的标准问题.