基于知识转移视角的产学研合作模式研究

在知识经济背景下,大学与企业间的知识转移既是企业获得竞争力的重要途径,也是大学和科研机构的研发成果体现商业价值的关键。知识转移是产学研合作的本质,显性知识和隐性知识之间的转移方式决定了产学研合作的不同模式。按照知识转移的方式,将其划分为显性知识主导下的技术转让与协作模式、显隐知识共同协作下的契约联合模式、隐性知识主导下的产学研集成一体化模式,并对每种模式进行分析和评价。     

产学研合作创新网络演进过程及其主体知识传递模式探究

产学研合作创新网络的演进过程以及合作创新主体特性与知识传递模式,都将影响到产学研合作创新的效果。分析了产学研合作创新主体在网络形态下的基本特性;从学习方式转变的角度,剖析了产学研合作创新网络演进的一般过程;结合产学研合作创新网络演进过程中主体间信任关系的变化,探究了合作创新主体知识传递模式的演变。认为合作创新网络主体特性促进了主体间的知识传递;知识传递模式的演变以信任为基础,并与产学研合作创新网络演进过程相关,且在不同阶段体现出知识传递主导模式的差异。     

组织隐性知识转移的演化博弈——基于互惠性企业环境

知识转移是知识管理的重要内容,隐性知识转移是提高组织知识管理效率的有效手段。互惠性企业环境为隐性知识转移的实现提供了有效的手段,从而克服了隐性知识转移过程中的诸多障碍。互惠性偏好环境下个体间隐性知识的转移效率要显著高于理性经济环境下的知识转移效率,改善了知识转移主体的利益支付,同时也为互惠性企业环境下组织隐性知识转移的演化博弈分析创造了条件。演化博弈分析的结果显示,在一定的外部机制的激励下,组织隐性知识转移主体的总体存在着向互惠型知识转移主体演化的倾向,从而使互惠型个体间隐性知识转移进入主导性的稳定状态,最终提高了组织隐性知识转移的效率。     

隐性知识转移势差效应机理研究及主体需要层次分析

首先通过系统分析方法建立隐性知识转移的三维特征模型,认为隐性知识主体间的地理势差、内容势差、价值势差驱动隐性知识的转移。与之相对应的,隐性知识主体在转移过程中将会面临5种需要,包括经济利益需要、知识安全需要、弥补势差需要、平台环境需要、知识传播需要。需求的共同推力是隐性知识转移活动的原动力。     

产学研协同创新驱动模式

基于产学研协同创新驱动理论,以医疗器械产业的龙头企业——河南驼人集团的产学研项目为案例研究对象,探讨了以企业为主体的产学研协同创新驱动模式,基于产品使用终端、企业和科研院所三方主体分析了产学研协同创新驱动的主体,并运用战略-知识-组织模式分析了产学研协同创新主体间的关系,基于创新链、知识链和创新螺旋分析了产学研协同创新驱动过程。该研究成果对产学研协同创新驱动具有较高的理论价值和实践指导意义。     

产学研协同创新驱动模式——基于河南驼人集团的案例研究

基于产学研协同创新驱动理论,以医疗器械产业的龙头企业——河南驼人集团的产学研项目为案例研究对象,探讨了以企业为主体的产学研协同创新驱动模式,基于产品使用终端、企业和科研院所三方主体分析了产学研协同创新驱动的主体,并运用战略-知识-组织模式分析了产学研协同创新主体间的关系,基于创新链、知识链和创新螺旋分析了产学研协同创新驱动过程。该研究成果对产学研协同创新驱动具有较高的理论价值和实践指导意义。     

面向协同创新的产学研知识转移研究现状及展望

查阅大量国内外相关研究文献,从产学研知识转移的含义、过程、渠道、模式、影响因素、绩效评价、产学研知识转移与协同创新的关系等方面展开综述,总结了协同创新环境下产学研知识转移的研究现状,分析该领域研究中存在的不足,并提出未来重点研究方向。     

创新网络组织间知识转移影响因素元分析

为梳理创新网络组织间知识转移影响因素并从中识别关键因素,从知识特性、组织主体属性、组织间关系特征和网络结构特征等多维度出发,构建创新网络组织间知识转移影响因素模型,运用元分析方法对国内外2003-2018年80篇实证研究文献进行整合分析。结果显示：创新网络组织间知识转移阻碍因素有知识复杂性、内隐性、组织距离和知识距离,组织距离的阻碍作用最为显著;促进因素有转移意愿、转移能力、接受意愿、吸收能力、关系强度、信任、沟通、网络规模、中心性和结构洞,其中结构洞的促进作用效果最强;地理距离的影响不显著,但地理集聚因素在吸收能力、接受意愿、知识距离、关系强度、信任、网络规模和网络中心性与创新网络知识转移的关系中具有显著调节作用,并且知识距离的双重作用得到解释。     

产学研合作衍生的人才开发模式及比较研究——基于界面管理视角

产学研相结合能够实现组织间知识的转移与扩散,通过产学研合作开发人才具有重要意义与良好效果。基于界面管理视角,研究了高校-企业两部门技术合作创新过程中知识扩散与流动的脱离作用、参与作用与相互作用3种作用模式,以及由此形成的3种不同合作界面,即"零"界面、"叠"界面和"全"界面,提出了产学合作所衍生的3种人才开发模式,即链条式、中枢式和网络式。研究表明,3种人才开发模式在联系强度、知识性质、知识扩散方向、知识扩散速度等方面存在显著差异,比较发现网络模式具有较好的人才开发效果。然而,当前我国的产学研合作却形成了人才开发链条和中枢模式居多、人才开发网络模式缺失的局面。研究的政策含义是,积极推进产学研合作过程中人才开发网络模式的衍生,实现产学研合作在人才强国战略实施中的功能拓展。     

产学研合作衍生的人才开发模式及比较研究

产学研相结合能够实现组织间知识的转移与扩散,通过产学研合作开发人才具有重要意义与良好效果。基于界面管理视角,研究了高校-企业两部门技术合作创新过程中知识扩散与流动的脱离作用、参与作用与相互作用3种作用模式,以及由此形成的3种不同合作界面,即“零”界面、“叠”界面和“全”界面,提出了产学合作所衍生的3种人才开发模式,即链条式、中枢式和网络式。研究表明,3种人才开发模式在联系强度、知识性质、知识扩散方向、知识扩散速度等方面存在显著差异,比较发现网络模式具有较好的人才开发效果。然而,当前我国的产学研合作却形成了人才开发链条和中枢模式居多、人才开发网络模式缺失的局面。研究的政策含义是,积极推进产学研合作过程中人才开发网络模式的衍生,实现产学研合作在人才强国战略实施中的功能拓展。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.