固定化氧化还原介体强化酸性红B生物脱色作用研究

考察了海藻酸钙固定化1,5-二氯蒽醌对偶氮染料酸性红B厌氧生物脱色的强化作用。结果表明,在不考虑各因子间交互作用的条件下,固定化1,5-二氯蒽醌强化酸性红B厌氧生物脱色的最适条件为温度35℃,pH值7.0～8.0,LB培养基。NaCl浓度对脱色过程有一定的影响;当初始染料质量浓度≤500mg/L,染料浓度不会成为1,5-二氯蒽醌强化酸性红B厌氧生物脱色的限制性因素。脱色过程中,随着脱色率的增加,体系氧化还原电位(ORP)不断下降。该研究可为介体强化偶氮染料生物脱色技术的实际应用提供理论基础。     

气相法测定氢化蓖麻油的溶媒残留

建立氢化蓖麻油(HS40)中有机溶剂残留量的检测方法,采用气相色谱法,色谱柱为INNOWAX毛细管柱,载气为氮气,采用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),外标法计算残留溶剂的含量。在实验的浓度范围内所测结果呈现良好的线性关系,1,4-二氧六环相关系数为0.999 3,回收率为95.4%,RSD值为2.1%,检测限为1.95μg/mL;乙酸相关系数为0.999 3,回收率为87.2%,RSD值为2.5%,检测限为50.0μg/mL;乙二醇相关系数为0.999 6,回收率为96.3%,RSD值为2.2%,检测限为6.1μg/mL;二甘醇相关系数为0.996 1,回收率为97.0%,RSD值为1.8%,检测限为6.1μg/mL。本法专属性强、重现性好、灵敏度高,可用于氢化蓖麻油中残留溶剂的测定。     

超重力技术在6-APA生产过程中的应用研究

针对超重力技术在直通法6-APA生产过程中的应用,研究了进料温度、气液比、电机频率、真空度等条件对醋酸丁酯脱除效果的影响。结果表明,超重力技术可以用于脱酯工艺,在保证脱酯液质量的同时,使相关产品收率有所提高。     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取瓜蒌籽蛋白工艺研究

以瓜蒌籽为原料,利用响应面法优化超声波辅助碱溶酸沉法提取瓜蒌籽蛋白工艺条件.在单因素实验基础上,设定超声工作/间歇时间为2s/1s、pH值为10,选取料液比、超声功率、超声时间、提取温度为影响因子,以瓜蒌籽蛋白提取率为响应值,应用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计建立数学模型,进行响应面分析.得出提取工艺优化条件为：料液比1：32（g/mL）、超声波功率310W、超声时间39 min、提取温度48℃.在此条件下,瓜蒌籽蛋白提取率可达79.11％.     

Profitability and opportunity of conservation agriculture in acid savannah grasslands of Laos

In north-eastern Laos, the savannah grasslands of the Plain of Jars cover vast areas of potentially cultivable land. However, soil acidity, low inherent fertility, and the absence of alternatives to tillage represent significant constraints to the development of sustainable smallholder agriculture. Our objective was to evaluate the potential for conservation agriculture (CA) to enhance soil productivity and farming system profitability. A three-year rotation of rice/maize/soybean was tested under three fertilization levels and four agricultural systems: one conventional tillage-based (CT) system and three CA systems based on no-tillage with cover crops. After four cropping seasons, our results show that, compared with CT, CA systems led to similar-to-higher grain production, similar-to-higher profits, higher opportunity of livestock system intensification, and higher labour productivity regardless of fertilization levels. While CA represents a relevant alternative to current practices, our results suggest that its contribution to the emergence of a sustainable smallholder agriculture is conditioned by broader institutional transformations, including the enrolment of local manufacturers and traders for deploying no-till implements and seed market channels for cover crops, long-term public support to maintain active research and technical mentoring to farmers, and possibly the integration of ecosystem services in agricultural policy.     

Means-end chain analysis explains soil fertility management decisions by peri-urban vegetable growers in Kenya

Past studies of the use of soil fertility management strategies by farmers usually model input use decisions based on the neoclassical utility/profit maximization principle in which farmers use soil fertility management inputs primarily to increase revenues and profits. However, there is, to date, no study that explains exactly how this decision-making process occurs and the role which personal values play in driving the choice of soil fertility management inputs. This article systematically maps the relationship between choice of soil fertility management strategy (attributes), its outcomes (consequences) and the personal values that motivate the choice. It specifically uses the means-end chain approach to construct hierarchical value maps that relate the attributes to consequences, and ultimately to the personal values. The study finds that the use of soil fertility management strategies by peri-urban fresh vegetable growers is driven by five personal values, namely happiness, comfortable life, independence, good/healthy life and achievement of life goals. It also finds that while farmers seek to increase profit (hence incomes), profit maximization is not the end driver of the use of soil fertility management inputs. It concludes that a lot more goes into farmers’ decision-making process relating to the use of soil fertility management practices than can be explained by the neoclassical profit/utility maximization principle. The study discusses the policy implications of these findings.     

含钒石煤提钒的试验研究

以含钒石煤原矿及浮选精矿为原料,分别进行了原矿、选矿精矿直接酸浸及活化-浸出工艺的研究。研究结果表明：精矿在酸矿比0.6、200℃活化-浸出条件下,钒的浸出率为90.69%,酸耗约35 t酸/t V2O5;精矿活化-浸出工艺具有处理量小、无需加入添加剂、酸耗低等经济、技术上的优势。     

浅析脂肪酸在食用植物油中的作用及控制

本文试从植物油的性质谈起,分析食用植物油脂肪酸组成不合格的原因,帮助消费者对植物油多一点了解以便更科学的选购。     

克拉维酸高产菌的选育

以带小棒链霉菌bs1574为出发菌株,经γ射线照射,并结合甘油耐受性菌株的理性筛选,选育得到较佳诱变菌株bs2325,效价达2 569μg/mL.采用摇瓶发酵初筛和复筛,选育出甘油耐受性正向突变菌株,是出发菌株(效价为968 μg/mL)的2.65倍,该突变菌株在琼脂斜面培养基上连续转接传代4代,克拉维酸的产量保持稳定...     

基于Meta分析的农户有机肥施用行为影响因素研究

目的 有机肥施用对实现中国农业绿色发展、缓解生态环境压力至关重要,厘清农户有机肥施用行为的影响因素可为农业绿色生产行为等相关政策的制定提供参考依据。方法 文章通过荟萃中国农户有机肥施用行为影响因素的相关实证文献,首次运用Meta分析方法评估了已有研究结论的综合效应量并明确相关影响因素的作用方向和强度。结果 性别、家庭人口数量、家庭年收入、是否接受过技术培训及政府补贴对农户有机肥施用行为有正向促进作用,而土壤肥力对农户施用有机肥行为的影响为负作用。结论 性别、是否接受过技术培训及政府补贴与农户有机肥施用行为存在强相关性关系;土壤肥力为中相关性影响因素,家庭人口数量为弱相关性影响因素;年龄、农户受教育年限、耕地块数、是否饲养家禽的影响较为微弱,仅属于可忽略相关性影响因素。可忽略相关性影响因素数量较多,说明目前围绕农户有机肥施用行为影响因素的实证研究尚未溯及根本,依然存在较大的研究空间。