粮食游离氨基酸含量测定方法精密度及回收率分析

根据粮食中游离氨基酸的氨基与水合茚三酮反应生成蓝紫色化合物,采用比色法测定粮食中游离氨基酸含量。采用二因素随机区组试验设计和生物统计软件SSPSS11．5的单因素方差分析表明,本方法测定的粮食种类间游离氨基酸含量次序为大豆〉小麦=玉米〉糙米〉大米,其中大米游离氨基酸含量最低。该方法非常灵敏,加入标准亮氨酸2mg的回收率对谷物大于58．8％,对大豆大于20．2％,精密度小于20％。     

絮凝沉淀去除马铃薯淀粉加工废水中蛋白的试验研究

采用絮凝沉淀法去除马铃薯淀粉废水中的蛋白质。经过方案比选．最终选择聚丙烯酰胺作为絮凝剂,结果表明：在聚丙烯酰胺投加量为70mg／L,pH值为5,温度为20℃,反应时间40min的最佳工艺条件下。采用聚丙烯酰胺絮凝沉淀法对马铃薯淀粉加工废水中的COD、蛋白质、BOD、SS都有一定的去除效果。COD的去除率保持在30％～40％,蛋白质的去除率保持在45％～55％,BOD的去除率保持在10％-15％．SS的去除率保持在50％-60％,大大减轻了后续处理构筑物的负担。     

AX与面粉品之间的关系

本采用不同品种的小麦为原料,首先通过测定小麦籽粒和面粉的品质特性及其阿拉伯木聚糖(AX)含量,对AX含量与小麦粉品质间的关系进行探讨。主要研究结果如下:(1)对小麦品质指标的测定,结果显示不同品种的小麦籽粒间存在较大的差异。面粉中AX含量与蛋白(r=0.27)、麸星含量(r=-0.16)存在存在一定的正相关,而AX含量与白度和降落数值存在微弱的负相关,面粉中AX中含量与面粉的吸水率、面团的形成时间、面团的稳定时间和弱化度呈弱相关性,相关系数分别是r=-0.34、r=0.27和r=-0.09;(2)不同的面粉中AX含量与峰值粘度呈显著负相关,与最低粘度、最终粘度呈弱负相关,当面粉中AX含量增加时,峰值粘度、最低粘度、最终粘度都会降低;峰值粘度与最低粘度、最终粘度呈显著正相关。     

凯氏定氮法测定粮食蛋白质含量方法研究

对凯氏定氮法测定粮食蛋白质含量的3个国家标准检验方法进行了对比,研究了蛋白质测定的消化、蒸馏、结果计算等主要操作步骤对测定结果的影响,并对蛋白质含量的国家标准检验方法及质量控制回收率测定提出了建议,对保证蛋白质检测结果的真实可靠具有重要意义.     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取瓜蒌籽蛋白工艺研究

以瓜蒌籽为原料,利用响应面法优化超声波辅助碱溶酸沉法提取瓜蒌籽蛋白工艺条件.在单因素实验基础上,设定超声工作/间歇时间为2s/1s、pH值为10,选取料液比、超声功率、超声时间、提取温度为影响因子,以瓜蒌籽蛋白提取率为响应值,应用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计建立数学模型,进行响应面分析.得出提取工艺优化条件为：料液比1：32（g/mL）、超声波功率310W、超声时间39 min、提取温度48℃.在此条件下,瓜蒌籽蛋白提取率可达79.11％.     

水生观赏动物活饵料应用技术展望

在水生观赏动物的人工育苗中,幼体阶段的活饵料是育苗成功的关键之一。本文着重探讨了轮虫（如褶皱臂尾轮虫）、卤虫、桡足类（如日本虎斑猛水蚤、哲水蚤等）、枝角类（如蒙古裸腹涵和西藏拟泾）等饵料浮游动物的营养特点、培养利用现状及其在水生观赏动物养殖中的应用前景。为水生观赏动物养殖中活饵料使用和开发新的饲料蛋白源提供参考。     

豆粕标准检测方法与快速测定法的对比研究

本实验采用凯氏定氮法、直接干燥法、索氏抽提法及近红外分析仪对豆粕的粗蛋白质、水分、脂肪进行分析测定,旨在将传统检测方法与快速测定法进行对比,分析其测定误差,确定最优测定方法。试验结果表明,2种方法的测定结果差异不显著(p>0.05),均可用于豆粕测定;其中近红外分析仪测定可以节省试剂,减少实验经费,能快速、精准的出具数据,适合在一般饲料质量检测中进行推广。     

Comparison of the washing efficiencies of a laboratory washing device (Launder‐Ometer) and of automatic household washing machines with horizontal drums

The objective of this study was to compare the cleaning result of a laboratory washing machine – Launder‐Ometer (LOM) – with that of drum‐type household washing machines, using detergent without bleaching agent, standard soiled fabrics and a colorimeter for assessing the washing result. The mechanical effect applied to the laundry in the household washers was not obtained in the LOM by increasing mechanical impact or the number of metal balls. Extended washing time did not improve removal of blood soil in the LOM, although it did increase removal of mayonnaise soil containing chlorophyll. However, in practice a washing time of 60–85 min is relatively long for a laboratory device considering the claimed time‐saving nature of these devices. None of the examined parameters affected removal of a red wine soil containing tannins, which was poor in all test combinations both in the household machines and in the laboratory washing machine. Bleaching agent is recommended for removal of this type of soil. In conclusion, conformity between washing results of the laboratory washing machine and the drum‐type household washing machines depends on the type of soiled test fabrics and other parameters in the washing process. Removal of blood soil differed most between the household machines and the LOM.     

Where to implement local biotech innovations? A framework for multi-scale socio-economic and environmental impact assessment of Green Bio-Refineries

Green Bio-Refineries (GBRs) have economic and environmental potentials through changing land use from cereals to grass production and provision of grass-based protein feed for livestock production and other valuable byproducts. However, the potentials are dependent on local conditions of the GBRs, such as land productivity, environmental sensitivity and transport distances for feedstock as well as the regional economy which GBRs are a part of. In this paper, we compare the total (direct, indirect and induced) effects of different location choices of GBRs in Denmark at different (municipal, regional, national) scales − a key step for decisions about development of GBRs from both investors' and authorities' perspectives. We integrate a local life-cycle assessment (LCA), a geographic information system (GIS) analysis and an economic-environmental input-output (EEIO) based model (LINE) into a common framework (GIS-LCA-EEIO). We show that locating GBRs in Western Denmark, where the soils are primarily sandy and livestock densities are high, generates higher socio-economic gains than in Eastern Denmark, where the soils are primarily loamy and the concentrations of livestock are lower. We conclude by sketching out priority areas for developing GBRs and discuss the policy implications of the results within the context of development of a bio-based economy.     

响应面法优化碱性蛋白酶提取野生山核桃籽粕蛋白

为研究响应面法优化碱性蛋白酶提取野生山核桃籽粕蛋白质的工艺,在单因素试验的基础上考察了加酶量、pH值、提取温度和提取时间等条件对蛋白质提取率的影响。采用Box-Behnken Design试验设计,进行四因素三水平的中心组合试验,建立了蛋白质提取率与各主效因子的二次回归模型方程。结果表明,最佳提取条件为加酶量4．0％、pH12．0、温度47℃、提取时间2．0h。在此条件下,蛋白质提取率可达81．90％。