基于因子分析的高校教师工作绩效影响因素研究

本文先是通过因子分析的方法探究影响高校教师工作绩效的主要因素,并运用SPSS软件结合多元回归法判别各个因素对其的影响程度.研究结果显示,影响高校教师工作绩效的主要因素是共有六个方面,其中体制及资源、积极心理状态和团队和领导支持对科研绩效和教学绩效的正向影响效果最为明显.     

差异化变革型领导对员工创新绩效的跨层次影响

基于社会信息加工理论，探讨差异化变革型领导对员工创新绩效的跨层次影响，尤其是员工心理安全感的中介作用及团队差错管理氛围的调节作用。采用配对式调查问卷，以74名领导和264名下属为样本，建立层级线性模型。结果发现:①团队一致性变革型领导对员工创新绩效具有显著正向影响，个体差异性变革型领导对员工创新绩效具有显著负向影响；②心理安全感分别在团队一致性变革型领导、个体差异性变革型领导与创新绩效间起部分中介作用；③团队差错管理氛围不仅正向调节团队一致性变革型领导与心理安全感间的正向关系，还正向调节个体差异性变革型领导与心理安全感间的负向关系。     

团队建言数量对团队创新绩效的链式作用机制——团队建言集中的调节作用

团队创新绩效对组织保持竞争优势至关重要,如何提升团队创新绩效成为理论和实践共同关注的问题。根据I-P-O模型,基于团队情感过程,以团队建言集中为边界条件,构建团队建言数量对团队创新绩效的链式作用机制模型。通过对来自两阶段54个科研团队304份配对样本进行实证分析,结果发现：(1)团队建言数量正向影响团队情感承诺,团队情感承诺正向影响团队工作激情,团队工作激情正向影响团队创新绩效;(2)团队情感承诺和团队工作激情在团队建言数量与团队创新绩效之间起链式中介作用;(3)团队建言集中负向调节团队建言数量对团队情感承诺的作用。揭示团队建言数量对团队创新绩效的复杂作用机制,可为团队创新绩效提升提供参考。     

精神视角下研发团队创新绩效的动力机制研究

借鉴创新成分理论和创造力投资理论，通过对82个研发团队288名研发团队成员的数据分析，聚焦研究精神性因素对团队创新绩效的动力作用机制。分析结果显示：团队精神型领导对工作场所精神和团队创新绩效具有显著正向影响；工作场所精神对团队创新绩效具有显著正向影响，并在团队精神型领导与团队创新绩效的关系具有部分中介作用；集体主义精神调节了团队精神型领导对团队创新绩效的正向影响，集体主义精神越强，团队精神型领导对团队创新绩效的正向影响也越显著；集体主义精神还调节了工作场所精神在团队精神型领导与团队创新绩效关系中的中介效应，集体主义精神越强，该中介效应也越显著。     

精神视角下研发团队创新绩效的动力机制研究

借鉴创新成分理论和创造力投资理论，通过对82个研发团队288名研发团队成员的数据分析，聚焦研究精神性因素对团队创新绩效的动力作用机制。分析结果显示：团队精神型领导对工作场所精神和团队创新绩效具有显著正向影响；工作场所精神对团队创新绩效具有显著正向影响，并在团队精神型领导与团队创新绩效的关系具有部分中介作用；集体主义精神调节了团队精神型领导对团队创新绩效的正向影响，集体主义精神越强，团队精神型领导对团队创新绩效的正向影响也越显著；集体主义精神还调节了工作场所精神在团队精神型领导与团队创新绩效关系中的中介效应，集体主义精神越强，该中介效应也越显著。     

谦卑型领导行为、组织公民行为与团队效能关系

领导行为影响团队效能。探讨了谦卑型领导行为对团队效能的影响,系统分析了组织公民行为在谦卑型领导行为与团队效能间的中介作用。通过问卷调查和统计分析,研究发现,谦卑型领导行为与团队效能显著正相关,谦卑型领导行为的3个维度都对团队绩效、团队承诺有显著正向影响;开门纳言、欣赏他人对团队满意度有显著正向影响。领导开门纳言、欣赏他人对组织公民行为有显著影响,而组织公民行为又显著影响团队绩效、团队满意度与团队承诺;组织公民行为在开门纳言与团队绩效、开门纳言与团队承诺关系间起完全中介作用,在开门纳言和团队满意度关系间起部分中介作用,在欣赏他人与团队效能关系间起部分中介作用。     

组织支持、工作满意度与工作绩效——基于高校教师的一项实证研究

组织支持、组织承诺、工作满意度、离职率及工作绩效等变量之间的关系是近年来组织支持理论研究的热点话题.本文以某高校从事教学、科研工作的专任教师为研究样本,深入探讨了教师组织支持、工作满意度与工作绩效之间的关系.实证研究结果表明,组织支持是影响工作满意度水平的重要因素;组织支持在一定程度上影响着关系绩效,但对任务绩效的影响不显著;同时工作满意度对组织支持与工作绩效关系的中介作用不显著.这些结论对进一步调整有关高校教师的激励措施富有启发意义.     

项目型团队中共享领导的实证分析

随着社会的进步与发展,各项工作都逐渐转向以团队为载体的工作模式,由此也就需要对传统意义上“一个人主管、其他组织成员跟随”的领导模式进行更深层次的思考。近年来,各项研究表明,领导权可以在团队领导和团队成员之间共享,即共享领导。本文首先对项目型团队中共享领导现象、团队角色认知及团队绩效进行系统阐述,而后在相关文献综述的基础上,构建研究框架和研究模型,通过大量的问卷调查结果进行实证研究,分析共享领导、团队成员角色认知、团队绩效间的关系。研究结果表明,项目性团队中共享领导对团队成员角色认知产生正向影响,团队成员角色认知对团队绩效产生正向影响,同时,团队成员角色认知对共享领导和团队绩效关系产生中介效果。     

地方高校教师科研绩效激励机制实证研究

高水平的科研成果不仅是广大教师的职业追求,也是高校核心竞争力的集中体现,设计科学合理的科研产出激励机制可以促进双方的共赢。在分析影响教师科研产出关键因素基础上,探索教师科研绩效的激励机制,以激发高校教师围绕学科建设主动开展科学研究,创造更多的学术成果。本文以委托-代理理论为研究基础,通过分析建构激励模型得出教师努力水平不可观测时的最优激励合同及其影响因素。研究结果表明：(1)教师的最佳收益与初始工资水平、平台环境、激励水平、产出效率存在正向影响；而与从事科研工作的努力成本系数存在负向影响。(2)高校的最佳收益与平台环境、单位产出收益存在正向影响；与教师初始工资水平存在负向影响。     

团队异质性对团队成员创新绩效的影响机制

通过构建被调节的中介效应模型,探讨了团队异质性对团队成员创新绩效的影响机制,考察了团队层面的创新氛围的跨层次中介效应以及领导观点采择能力对此中介效应的调节作用。结果显示:在领导观点采择能力较高的R&D团队中,专业差异、团队任期差异通过创新氛围的中介作用对成员创新绩效产生较强的正向影响,年龄差异的负向影响较强,团队异质性的影响非常有限;团队异质性对成员主观绩效的影响大于对客观绩效的影响。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.